A Study on Financing, Liberal Arts, and Equity - 1572 Words

Financing, Liberal Arts, Equity Introduction The existing public education system in America was established when education was a low priority. As the demands for greater education grew, the public education system tried but failed to keep pace with those demands. The educational system must standardize education across America, raise the percentage of students who have mastered basic skills and teach students to understand the importance of learning about a wide variety of subjects. The value of a liberal arts education and the focus the liberal arts should receive in secondary and post-secondary education Local and state governments rule the curriculum in American education and the wide variation in standards shows that this system does not work well. Our education system was set up in a culture that valued agriculture but not education and few students attended school all the way through the 12th grade (Amoruso Opitz, 2007, p. 5). That system, which is still the basic system today, cannot deal with the needs of the United States on the world stage. High school graduates do not have basic skills and their employers are forced to give them remedial educations because their public school educations are inadequate (Amoruso Opitz, 2007, p. 5). If our federal government funded our public schools and set basic standards, America would have a better chance of turning out high school graduates who can at least read, write, spell and do simple math. That systemShow MoreRelatedInvesture, Llc, and Smith College6072 Words   |  25 PagesUVA-F-1537 INVESTURE, LLC, AND SMITH COLLEGE In January 2004, Alice Handy’s new investment advisory firm, Investure, LLC, was attempting to land its first client, Smith College, an elite liberal arts college located in Northampton, Massachusetts with a $913 million endowment. Handy, fresh from her previous position as chief executive officer of the University of Virginia Investment Management Company (UVIMCO), had 25 years of experience managing money and a track record of success. OverRead MorePioneer Petroleum6035 Words   |  25 Pagesmarket for this technology. The new venture leads Mr. Cooper to study the Xerox and Polaroid Company methods on how these two companies financed their growth, since they are both successful innovators in their own fields. Mr. Richard Brainard, an analyst in the trust department was asked to gather and examine the facts and financial statements of the two companies they will need for the analysis for the period 1960-1964. This study would help Big City Trust Company to determine what approach andRead MoreFilm Analysis : Movie, Film, And Films1706 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry in Indonesia. Currently, he lives in California with wife and two kids. Administration The designated administration of Torchbearer Productions will take charge in financing the daily operational fees, for productions as well as answering to the operational administration at the end of each production. The cost of financing this establishment is in a projected amount of $500,000.00, which is the estimated costs and expenses for the initial establishment for the infra structure for this specificallyRead MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 Pagesspearheaded initiative to extend training from top programmers to entire student population ï‚ · Represented NTU as an exchange student at University of Strathclyde, UK; GPA: 4.0 EXPERIENCE 2007-2009 Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia (CLSA/Calyon) Singapore Equity Research Associate (Oil Gas) ï‚ · Led a project across seven countries to create a unified platform for investment idea generation using comparative valuations of over 300 energy stocks; Clients (fund managers) voted the team 1st in Asiamoney BrokerRead MoreBarclays Plc and Abn Amro Case Study3318 Words   |  14 Pages[pic] London School of Commerce MBA E BARCLAYS PLC AND ABN AMRO CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT London UK As one of the world’s leading banks, with 135,000 employees in more than 50 countries, Barclays plays a significant role, from working with governments on major infrastructure projects to bringing banking to customers in emerging markets. Barclays is made up of two major businesses: Global Retail and Commercial Banking (GRCB) and Investment Banking and Investment Management (IBIM). ThereRead MoreArgument Essay - Privilege : Privilege, Abundant And Or As Such Defeat The Purpose Of Serving One s2816 Words   |  12 Pagesnumeracy skills at or underneath Level 1. More than one three individuals in jail have a perusing level below Level 1 and 75% for composing Level 1 is what is anticipated from an eleven year old. Likewise the same study discusses how the lives of different people can be changed. Studies propose that 23% of individuals who go into jail have low IQs of less than 70. Education/training in prisons: In 2004, not as much as 33% of prisoners had entry to jail instruction at any one time. A late PET surveyRead MoreIndustry Analysis of Pharmaceutical Industry in Bangladesh11591 Words   |  47 Pagespromotion and marketing make up a very large part of the activities of pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. It is generally believed that overstatements and misinformation are common promotional activities of drug companies in Bangladesh (5). In a study, drug promotion through industry in promotional brochures showed 50 per cent of claims were based on debatable scientific evidence, while 12 per cent were fake (6). The MediMedia Index of Medical Specialities (MIMS) Bangladesh is an index of importantRead MoreProblems Faced by Small Scale Industries10059 Words   |  41 PagesINDUSTRIES The development of small-scale industries is hampered by a diversity of problems. There are certain problems common to all types of cottage and small scale industrial units. In this context, the present chapter is devoted to a detailed study of the problems of the small-scale industrial sector. It also seeks to suggest remedial measures. The basic requirement for the industrial development of a region is the presence of entrepreneurship in that area. The non-availability of adequateRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Business and Management Education3765 Words   |  16 Pagesfree play. Market competition is in turn expected to influence the performance of industry positively. It is proposed to study changes in the market structure for different industries in terms of the number of units, size structure and ownership patterns in the 1990s as compared with the 1980s, using unit level data for the organized industry. This is to be followed up by a study of the performance of these units / industries in terms of efficiency and productivity. A related question to be examinedRead MoreEducation in the New Powerhouse Economies: Catching Up or Leading the Way?5758 Words   |  24 Pagescountries. In both China and India there are vast challenges relating to issues of equity and access across all education sectors. Tsang (1991) describes China’s â€Å"large geographical and cultural diversities [wi th] highly uneven regional social and economic developments† (Tsang 1991:65). Altbach (2009) concurs, arguing that â€Å"the urban and rural divide is immense, both in China and India, which has implications for access and equity †¦ the disparity between the affluent coastal areas and the vast interior is

Religion An Aspect Of Our World - 1744 Words

Francesca Krupp Final Paper Dr. Land-Closson 27 April, 2016 Religion, for many is an aspect of our world that can bring people together, or in many cases, tear people apart. It can cause vast violence, or everlasting peace within civilizations. Religion defines the lives of many, governing how they live and the moral code that they choose to follow. However, Religion to em has always simply been what I was raised in. I grew up a cradle catholic, meaning from the day I took my first breathe, to the day I walked across my high school graduation stage, I had a firm grasp of what I believe in and why I believed in it. I have attended private catholic school my entire life, being taught over and over the importance of religion, but primarily, my religion: Catholicism. This semester was one of the first times in my nineteen years of life that I was exposed to the reality of what religion truly is to people, what i listed above. Religion became more of a lifestyle and a way of living than simply a Sunday morning or Thursday evening. Religion and The Human Quest has given me the chance to see many religions and how each of them have allowed my own religion to grow. As I stated, to begin, I was raised in a very strong foundational Catholic home. I never desired to questions my faith, because to this day I am still very devoted to my Faith. I learned at a young age, and since then, that when you have hit rock bottom in your life sometimes all you have left is Faith, therefore it hasShow MoreRelatedReligion Is The Opiate Of The People1566 Words   |  7 Pagesthat we do, but what is our purpose? Who are we, and why are we here? These two questions interrupt our lives often while we question our existence and the deeper meaning of life. We have discovered that religion answers these disconcerting questions. From worldly tradition, we have learned that religion fills those empty gaps in places that we cannot answer our own questions. It creates hope and gives people a meaning and feeling of belonging. Carl Marx describes, â€Å"Religion is the opiate of theRead MoreThe Evolution of Religion1318 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a smoke-and-mirrors effect. In many ways this story is similar to the creation and interpretation of religion by individuals within society. In the following pages I will discuss this metaphor, as well as Rudolf Otto and his theories on the creation of religion, Peter L. Berger’s theory of â€Å"the sacred canopy,† and finally the intermingling of these two theories in the evolution of religion. RUDOLF OTTO AND RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE In The Idea of the Holy, Rudolf Otto begins by explaining theRead MoreCultural Convergence And Its Effects On People s Lives994 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is the set of processes by which more people become connected in more and different ways across ever-greater distances (Lechner, 2015). Globalization has made the world a homogenous place. It has connected people of the world through various ways. Cultural convergence is a result of globalization that has brought tremendous changes in one’s culture. In fact, the same changes have brought defects in certain social groups as well as some positive effects. Globalization and cultural convergencesRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society951 Words   |  4 Pages Religion to me is a set of beliefs and practices that can determine actions in everyday life by determining morals and deciding what is right and wrong in each society. This is a general idea that I believe has guided societies for centuries and has shaped to day’s cultures. As we study cultures around the world, we can find significant influential factors dating back to a prominent religion that shaped the ideals of culture telling the people what is deemed acceptable practice and behavior and whatRead MoreDoes Science Explain All?1599 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning there was darkness. Then there was light. Then there was consciousness. Then there were questions and then there was religion. Religions sprouted up all over the world as a response to some of humanitys most troubling questions and fears. Why are we here? Where do we come from? Why does the world and nature act as it does? What happens when you die? Religions tended to answer all these questions with stories of gods and goddesses and other supernatural forces that were beyond the understandingRead MoreMayan Culture vs. the Seven Dimensions of Religion1038 Words   |  5 PagesMayan Culture vs. the Seven Dimensions of Religion Since the dawn of humanity, human beings have been contemplating the meaning of life, searching for answers to make sense of their existence. Even ancient people tried to answer the same taunting questions about their purpose on earth and the questions about the world, which people nowadays search for. Thus, in seeking the answers, ancient people created religions, usually based on their understanding of cosmology. Cosmology is a general understandingRead MoreArt Commission Statement1333 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Ten Commandments statue represents developments in past and current world events and cultural patterns in Judaism and Christianity. We will discuss the importance of the proposed location and why it is appropriate being placed at that location. This commission statement will discuss our belief of how the Ten Commandments statue reflects the Jewish and Christian concept of humanitys relationship to nature and to the world and God. It will also discuss the value of commission ing the Ten CommandmentsRead MoreThe Forest Of Gombe By Jane Goodall1219 Words   |  5 PagesGombe† by Jane Goodall, Goodall describes her own perspectives of the correlation between religions and science through her experiences in the forest at Gombe after she loses her husband to cancer. She comes up with several new concepts which she calls windows during her time in the forest. Goodall develops the idea of the coexistence of science and religion for her deeper understanding of life and the world. I agree with her which the windows that Goodall sees through have no drawbacks because theRead MoreMax Weber And Durkheim s Views On Religion1250 Words   |  5 PagesReligion can be defined as a collections of beliefs and cultural systems that relate humanity to an order of existence. One of the foundations of religion is social orientation that in one way or another influence a society s social stability. Max Weber along with Emile Durkheim were very influential people in the course of social stability in the 19th century. Weber and Durkheim attempted to make comprehensible social changes, particularly in the aspects of religion of a society. Their perspectivesRead MoreReligion And Religious Laws On Religion975 Words   |  4 Pagesmany religions that humans have incorporated into their lives. All religions have certain moral rules that they want their followers and society have to obey without questioning why the rules exist. Some of the religious rules have put limits on humans that go completely against human nature. This because we as humans are consider as mammals and animals as well Although there are many positive views of religion there are also many negative aspects to religious laws. For centuries, religion has put

How can Marketing mix model help Manchester United build its global brand free essay sample

The main purpose of this report is to introduce the definition of franchise and to analysis the advantages of it. The report comprises several advantages of franchise in almost every aspect, which have been proved to be essential and reliable. By this mean, the conclusion could be drawn that it is the best way to run an international business by franchise. 2. 0Introduction Franchise, is an authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities. For example, McDonalds is one of the most famous brand franchising. As the franchisor, McDonald’s gives the right to the franchisee, as well as sell McDonalds related products to someone who is willing to set up his own business. The license agreement demands McDonalds to persist in manufacturing or operating ways and the quality of the good. This is a settlement that can suit both parties pretty well. Under a McDonalds franchise, McDonalds owns or rents the position and the building of restaurant. The franchisee buys the parts, the equipment and the right to manage the franchise in next twenty years. To confirm coherence throughout the world, all franchisees must use standardized McDonalds menus, branding, administration systems and design layouts. 3. 0Main Section 3. 1 Justify of the reference Bernd Helmig is Full Professor, Chair and Head of Department for Business Administration, Public Nonprofit Management at the University of Mannheim (Germany). Besides he acts as Academic Director for Executive Education of Mannheim Business School. He was Visiting Faculty Guest at Harvard Business School (Boston, Cambridge/Mass. ), and Visiting Scholar at the University of Edinburgh (UK). His research interests cover fields such as Nonprofit Marketing, Fundraising, Social Marketing, Failure of NPOs, and Corporate Social Responsibility (including Corporate Giving and Corporate Volunteering). Tansev Geylani graduated from University of Pittsburgh. He has such degrees as PhD in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2004,MS in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2002 MBA, Koc University and 1999 BS in Mechanical Engineering, M. E. T. U. , 1997. Tansev Geylani joined the Katz faculty in 2004. His research interests include distribution channels, retailing, product line strategies, information sharing, marketing antitrust, media competition, and user-generated content. He was named Marketing Science Institute Young Scholar in 2009. Other awards he received include Management Sciences Distinguished Service (2009 2011) and Meritorious Service awards (2012), the Katz Excellence in Research Award (2009), and the Katz Excellence in Teaching Award (2008). Alanson Minkler work as an Associate Professor, Economics for University of Connecticut at Storrs Mansfield. His subject areas include: Economic Rights, Alternative Economic Decision-Making. He also has degree like Ph. D. University of California-Davis, 1988 and B. A. University of California-Berkeley, 1981. His initial interests centered on worker contributions and motivations in firms, with particular focus on labor-managed and franchised firms 3. 2 Advantages of Franchise Being your own boss The franchisor regularly checks the standards of service, quality, value and cleanliness of the franchisee (Minkler, A. , 1990). The franchisee who gets all the training and support from franchisor is operating his or her own business so has much to lose as well as gain, which motivates them a lot to determine to succeed. Lower failure rate Once you use a franchise, you are buying a developed concept that has been successful. Figures show that franchisees stand a much better opportunity of success than people who start independent businesses; independent businesses count a 70 to 80 percent chance of NOT surviving the first few critical years while franchisees have an 80 percent chance of surviving (Michael M. Coltman, Franchising in Canada: Pros and Cons, Self-Counsel Press). Intensive initial training The franchisor has the duty to offer full-time training program which includes three stages to franchisee (Tansev G, 2004). Firstly, it starts with working in a restaurant, wearing the staff uniform, preparing for food and cooking. Secondly, it focuses on areas such as team building, business management, handling customer enquiries and leadership skills. Lastly, the trainee learns about stock control and ordering, legal side of hiring and  employing staff and profit and loss accounts. These training methods are proved to be absolutely essential. Marketing help Franchisee could benefit from the parent companys marketing programs, according to Entrepreneur. com. The marketing and advertising advertisements created by the franchisor leave franchisee with more time to focus on the daily operating of business. This is a win-win for both parties. It helps increase sales by means of franchise, which, on the other hand, allows the parent company to collect more fees. (Bernd H. 2008) Continuous support It recognizes that the success and profitability of many international chain brands are inextricably linked to the success of the franchises (Minkler, A. , 1990). A highly qualified group of professional advisers offer continuous support on everything from human resources to computers and accounting. The field adviser can become a valuable business partner and a sounding board for ideas. Guaranteed Territory In most cases, a franchise parent company would guarantee franchisee a predetermined territory and assist it in succeeding in that field (Tansev G, 2004). Territories vary depending on the company which is worked with, but not having to compete with another franchise location from the same company in territory can help to generate revenue. 3. 3 Shortages of Franchise One major problem for a new business is predicting how much business it might enjoy, running the risk of either cashflow problems or the difficulties associated with overtrading. The turnover and profit from any outlet will vary, depending on a wide range of internal and external variables. Each franchisee is expected to take a positive approach to building up sales, although an average rate of return of over 20 percent is generally expected over the lifetime of the franchise. When it comes to starting a business, many people think of buying a franchise as a shortcut to success (Bernd H. 2008). While there is some truth to this, not all franchises are created equal, and not everyone is cut out to be a franchisee. 4Conclusion By specific descriptions of many advantages of franchise and comparison them with its drawbacks, we can make the conclusion that franchise is the best way of international business.

What Makes Instant, Collaborative Tutoring Different

It’s not always easy to keep up in class. Not understanding the material in the first place can create a compounded problem if new lessons build off of previous concepts. If you find yourself behind, online tutoring may be the boost you need. In 2012, the tutoring market was estimated at $11 billion. All over the country, students are investing in their education by striving for mastery of the material. We asked TutorMe, a revolutionary instant online tutoring platform, why they started a tutoring company that grants instant access to tutors. â€Å"The inspiration for TutorMe came from our time as USC students. We were frustrated with the in-person tutoring options available, and realized that there was an opportunity to create a platform that could remove the inefficiencies from in-person tutoring.† At the core, TutorMe’s philosophy starts with their students. â€Å"TutorMe measures success solely on the improvement our students make,† says Ari Stiegler, cofounder of TutorMe. Unlike standard tutoring services, TutorMe uses the most advanced whiteboard technology available, allowing students to visually write and interact with their tutors instantly. This format is especially helpful for students who might not need full in-person tutoring sessions, but who might just have a question about a single homework problem or a quick clarification question. It also works for students who may do better with visual and collaborative learning; many students learn by seeing how something is done before attempting it on their own. Not only is online instant tutoring convenient because its an on-demand service that students can utilize based on their schedule, but there are no geographic limitations; this means that you can find the best tutor in a subject, not just the best tutor in your area. TutorMes tutors are students, professors, and professionals from Harvard, Stanford, MIT, and other top universities around the country. These tutors commit to helping students develop a thorough understanding of the topic at hand. Currently covering over 300 subjects, TutorMe can help students in any topic, from your typical standardized test prep (including top-tier ACT help) to professional vocational subject such as Criminal Justice. If you need personalized tutoring and think you can benefit from the easy convenience of on-demand tutoring, head to TutorMes website to see a list of available subjects. If youre gearing up for a standardized test and could use ACT or GRE help, TutorMe can help you brush up on your areas that most need improvement. Use code to get 30 minutes of free tutoring to give you a better idea of just how much TutorMe can help you get ahead!

Daisy Miller Essays - Daisy Miller, Winterbourne,

Daisy Miller Upon Winterbourne's return to Vevey, Switzerland, he had been resting on a park bench, conversing with a curious little boy when a ?beautiful young lady,? Daisy Miller, approached. After a brief prattle, the two arranged a day's trip to the Castle of Chillon and over the next few months planned on meeting again in Italy. Throughout the story, Winterbourne tries to descry Miss Miller's personality and at the same time question her reputation as a flirtatious American girl in the late nineteenth century. Henry James' famous novelette, Daisy Miller, is a timeless story depicting what results from the defiance of social customs, ignoring advice pertaining to one's reputation, and finally confronting reality. From her first t?te-?-t?te with Winterbourne and until her last, Miss Miller defies all social customs pertinent in European society. During Winterbourne's first introduction to Miss Miller, to his surprise, she accepts his extremely bold decision to travel to the Castle without knowing if he was a respectable man. Later that same evening they met once more in the garden. She asked Winterbourne to take her out for a boat ride, but after gaining permission from her mother, she decided she would rather not go if no one would put up a fuss about her doing something so irrational. Winterbourne was left alone to ponder her whims and odd form of coquetry. After their parting, both agreed to meet again in Geneva, Italy. When Winterbourne first arrived in Geneva, he received news of Miss Miller's latest escapades from his very reputable aunt. During her stay in Geneva, her gentleman society was composed of ?half a dozen of the regular Roman fortune hunters.? As an American girl, she stayed t rue to her own values although she was in a foreign land. Daisy Miller was unaware of the social structure that depends on gender and class oppression and she developed a reputation for herself that would hinder her relationships with upper society. By preserving her American identity, the talk of Miss Miller's flirtatiousness and unladylike behavior spread throughout Geneva and soon her reputation had grown bigger than even she could handle. One evening while Miss Miller was with the company of Winterbourne and Mrs. Walker, a dear friend, she informed her companions that she would be leaving now to meet Giovanni, an Italian fortune hunter and ?intimate friend,? for a walk. Winterbourne, knowing his objection would do no good, offered to at least walk her to her friend so she would not be alone so late at night. Upon recognizing that Giovanni was of bad character, he questioned her companion and immediately stated that he would remain with her for the evening. She retorted seriously, ?I have never allowed a gentleman to dictate to me or interfere with anything I do.? Winterbourne again warned her of Giovanni and said that he was not the right type of man for her. She paid no heed to his advice and quickly joined Giovanni. At thi s point, Mrs. Walker could take no more. She met the group in her carriage and begged Miss Miller to come home with her for sake of her reputation. After saying that she was old enough to be out at night, Mrs. Walker bluntly stated that Miss Miller was also old enough to be talked about. Startled, Miss Miller responded by saying that, ?if this is improper, than I am all improper and you must give me up.? With that, Mrs. Walker and Winterbourne left their ignorant friend to her companion Giovanni. At this point, Miss Miller's disregard toward her reputation and her own well being cost her the respect of her own friends. The repulse Miss Miller received from her friends was a rude awakening that caused her to confront the reality of her situation. She soon attended her last party at Mrs. Walker's home and was left by herself. For the first time, Winterbourne perceived that she was embarrassed and ashamed. Another instance occurred one late summer night when Winterbourne wandered into a Roman Coliseum and to his surprise found Miss Miller and Giovanni. He pleaded with Miss Miller, not out of kindness, but merely for the sake of her health, to return home for fear of catching

Narnia †A Fantasy World Hidden in a Wardrobe †Literature Essay

Narnia – A Fantasy World Hidden in a Wardrobe – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers Narnia A Fantasy World Hidden in a Wardrobe Literature Essay The relevance of the title shows a world of fantasy within the real world. A fantasy world that is hidden in a wardrobe and only the chosen youth could enter. They enter the fantasy world, â€Å"Narnia†, with a start of a new adventure and along the way they learn morals and their own unique self. Narnia reveals a land of fantasy that teaches the youth what is right thing to do when you are in doubt of in difficulty. The film shows many spiritual implications but basically in general it is a conflict between good and evil. Where in the good is represented by the good creatures living in Narnia and the youthful kids that entered the world while the evil is represented by the White Witch and her attendants. The good creatures and the youthful kids show the spiritual implications of hope and they promote freedom while the White Witch demonstrates power and greed and she promotes dictatorship. Once the young kids enter the world of Narnia they are barraged with so many trials yet they have the choice to do what is right or to go home and to do nothing at all. There is an old saying that â€Å"EVIL WILL PREVAIL IF THE GOOD DO NOTHING†. So they were having a conflict between their own conscience, to leave Narnia and let evil prevail or to stay and liberate the creatures from the clutches of White Witch. Hence, they stayed and they learned morals and justice and they got to seek out their own ind ividuality during their struggle. In the film there are so many characters with their own strengths and flaws nevertheless the character â€Å"Lion† is who I want to be. The Lion in the film portrays honesty, freedom, and justice. It’s rare to find those kinds of qualities in this world today. We are surrounded by money, power, greed and corruption and only hope can contradict this immoral plague. This is what Aslan does. He gives hope to the creatures of Narnia to fight Narnia to fight for freedom and he shows compassion and justice to to those who have been undone. Aslans amazing love for the Narnia people, even Edmund, a traitor, is demonstrated with painful clarity when Aslan sacrifices his own life to save Edmund. Logically, this sacrifice seems silly, as the Witch triumphantly points out. By losing his life, Aslan seems to be giving the Witch Narnia forever. Aslan is quiet and patient, and he endures torture until he is murdered. Aslans perspective and foresight contrasts the Witchs myopia. Althou gh the Witch can use magic to gain power, she does not have the vision or the character of Aslan. Aslan is confident that his power is greater than the Witchs strength, but Aslan never shows bravado. Aslan is willing to die to save Narnia nevertheless through his wit he was resurrected and was able to help to save Narnia from the White Witch. This is why I want to be Aslan because he is like Jesus Christ. He is willing to give his life to save others and his act is selfless. The difference between fantasy and reality is that fantasy shows a world of imagination that goes beyond man’s limitations and reality is the â€Å"real† world that we live in. In the beginning of the film â€Å"Narnia†, it shows the sad truth about war. The children were sent to the countryside so they won’t be affected by the turmoil. This shows the realism in the film. It shows how World War II affected the lives of the youth. As the children were sent to the countryside, they were taken care by a professor and a caretaker in a lavish mansion. The purely fantasy here is when the children were entered the world of Narnia through the wardrobe and all the events that happened in there were pure fantasy. Research Papers on Narnia - A Fantasy World Hidden in a Wardrobe - Literature EssayHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Research on two large regeneration schemes in London and one Essay

Research on two large regeneration schemes in London and one regeneration in Slough town centre, Berkshire - Essay Example (Greenwich council, 2007) The plain to project to regenerate the Greenwich peninsula is being led by the Greenwich council, the planning of the project was done by Meridian Delta Ltd and submitted to the council who approved the master plan, which will cost a staggering 5 billion sterling pounds and it is estimated to take 15 years before it is completed. (Greenwich council, 2007) The Greenwich council, granted the permission of regenerating the Greenwich peninsula to a group of consortium named Meridian Delta Ltd, the Anschutz Entertainment group and the national regeneration agency. The group is supposed build the proposed regeneration project of the area which will include; building new nursery, primary and secondary schools, Building modern health facility, improving the transport system, which will improve the employment opportunities of the local community. (Greenwich council, 2007) Anschutz entertainment group: one of the global leader in the sports and entertainment presenters in the world. The management owns and control many international famous and best venues, arenas and sports franchises. Meridian delta limited: this is a joint venture company which comprises of Lend Lease and the Quintain Estates & Development Plc, which was formed to specifically lead the regeneration of Greenwich Peninsula Quintain Estates and Development Plc: this is a major Britain development and property investment company that specializes in redevelopment, property acquisition and asset management in many property sectors. (Greenwich council, 2007) At present the Greenwich peninsula is considered as a derelict and contaminated. There is no any meaningful development. As Cllr. Chris Roberts of Greenwich council state, â€Å"the council is building a new community on peninsula, land that used to be derelict and contaminated† The Greenwich peninsula comprising of 300 acre is physically secluded land with gasworks which are in derelict and contaminated. In 1996 a

Launch of Zico in the 2012 London Olympics Essay

Launch of Zico in the 2012 London Olympics - Essay Example This is because of the fact that considering the advantages coconut water has to offer to the consumer, it can prove to be an essential drink for the elderly too. Keeping in mind the target audience, Coca Cola is launching Coca Cola Zico in the UK market by using the London 2012 Olympics as the major platform for it since the Olympics is considered to be the most prestigious sporting event to take place once in four years. The Zico campaign can certainly attract a lot of audience who are sport loving. For this to happen, Coca Cola can employ both advertising and public relations program to achieve their aim to successfully launch their new product. Let’s first define the two marketing strategies. Advertising is an act of selling a product by conveying a message to the audience about the existence of a product. It can be done using both the print and electronic media to reach the masses. On the other hand, Public Relations (PR) refers to the establishment of strong relations wi th the company’s publics which helps in building a strong brand image. Public relations can include activities like sponsorships, covering sport events, etc. (CIPR, 2012) Carrying out advertising may not sound as simple because it entails a lot of aspects that need to be taken account of. Marketers all over the world come across many hurdles before coming up with an advertising strategy. These environmental challenges include the following: 1. Demographics: income distribution, changing lifestyle, standard of living and the likes; 2. Economic environment: per capita income, state of the economy, etc. ; 3. Cultural environment: for instance, the ad on the right of Vita Coco, the market leader in terms of coconut water in the US, maybe unacceptable in the South Asian culture but accepted in the UK culture; (Buss, 2012) 4. Political and social environment: legislation, ethics, laws, society itself, etc. Since the case is such that a new product is being launched in to the UK mar ket, the role of advertising shall be to both inform and remind the consumers about Zico. The reason for this is that the public relations program will be taking place during the Olympics and it will be followed up by the advertising campaign. The initial step to outline an advertising campaign for Zico would be to decide upon the advertising budget that Coca Cola will spend after the end of London Olympics. Since it’s a new product, it will require a large budget. Considering the ?500,000 media budget, a 60:40 split should be done with advertising getting more as opposed to public relations. The primary reason is that advertising helps in conveying the message to a larger audience with a lower cost per audience. Considering the budget constraints, it is imperative to make the best use of the finance available. Market share also plays an impact on the advertising budget. Since we don’t have sufficient information as to how many players are already in the market, itâ₠¬â„¢s hard to comment about it. For instance, the US market comprises of Pepsi’s ONE and Vita Coco that are doing very well. In case, they exist in the UK market, the role of advertising will also be persuasive in addition to informing. (Esterl, 2012) The second step in designing the advertising strategy would be to create an advertising message. In order to overcome the issue of message retention and attention, the campaign has to be clutter breaking. The concept

Management and Team-working in a Large Organisation Essay

Management and Team-working in a Large Organisation - Essay Example y activity may be utilised to demonstrate the efficacy of these management principles to understand its functioning in the light how transformational leadership can bring about changes in the employees (Jacobs et al. 2006: 211-217). This would thus demonstrate the roles of managers in large organisations and also demonstrate how an employee in the NHS can self-manage him or herself. The overall aim of NHS is directly responsible for providing health services to the population of the United Kingdom. One of the major activities is to oversee the performance of the NHS organizations, primarily Primary Care Trusts and NHS Hospital Trusts. For any organisation of large magnitude, such as, NHS, it is important to achieve financial balance along with achievement of agreed performance targets. These are usually included in the local delivery plans, which may be termed as business plan (McNulty and Ferlie, 2004, 1389-1412). This indicates the necessity of management, and indeed smooth running of the complex functions of the NHS need managers their management skills to be utilised maximally to result into best outputs in terms of service provision and efficiency (Bolton, 2005: 5-23). In this assignment, Gibbs reflective cycle will be used to explore my knowledge on role of managers in my organisation. While doing this, I would also present an account of how I manage myself as an employee. Moreover, this will also demonstrate my abilities to work as a team member and my understanding on the utility and importance of working as a team member. In health care profession, utilization of reflective practice is becoming of paramount importance for continuing professional development. Gibbs cycle reflection comprises of few steps, the first is thought and/or feeling about an incident in practice. This would follow an evaluation about whether it is good or bad. This would follow an analysis to critically evaluate about the incidence. Then a conclusion can be reached through a

The Importance Of Heat Integration In Distillation Columns Engineering Essay

The Importance Of Heat Integration In Distillation Columns Engineering Essay The combination of high crude oil prices due to increasing energy demand and concern about pollution has led researchers to exploring the possibilities of more energy efficient and environmentally friendly process technologies. The importance of distillation as a separation technique has made making it more energy efficient a high priority. Consequently, many heat integrated design schemes have been produced through the decades that it has been investigated and many of these techniques are outlined in this report along with some current commercial schemes. However, this technology has not been fully commercialised and this is mainly due to the high initial investment costs and the complexities of the equipment design, control schemes and operation. There is also a lack of real experimental data that is needed in order to verify the many theoretical predictions that claim that large energy saving are possible. Several areas have been identified as in need of further research in the fu ture to hopefully allow this technology to become an industrial standard and not just a theory. Introduction 1.1 The Importance of Heat Integration in Distillation Columns The combined threat of increasing energy demands and costs, global warming and the increased dependence upon oil imported from politically unstable parts of the world have resulted in an interest in enhancing the thermodynamic efficiency of current industrial processes. Increasing energy efficiency in chemical processes not only provides economic benefits but also it leads to reduce the emissions resulting from the process operation. Distillation is perhaps the most important and widely used separation technique in the world today as it is used for about 95% of all fluid separation in the chemical industry. In the US, about 10% of the industrial energy consumption accounts for distillation while it accounts for an estimated 3% of the world energy consumption. More than 70% of the operation costs are caused by the energy expenses (Nakaiwa et al. 2003.) It is a fact that the energy consumption in distillation and CO2  gases produced in the atmosphere are strongly related as the highe r the energy demands are the larger the CO2  emissions to the atmosphere are. This is due to the energy being mostly generated through the combustion of fossil fuel. Despite its apparent importance the overall thermodynamic efficiency of a conventional distillation is only around 5-20% (Jana, 2009). Clearly, improving on this value is imperative and a top priority objective. In order to achieve this, the concept of heat integration was introduced almost 70  years ago (Jana, 2009.) The basic idea of heat integration is that the hot process streams are heat exchanged with cold process streams which results in a more economic use of resources. Consequently a whole range of heat integrated distillation schemes have been proposed. In a conventional distillation column (Figure  1) with a feed, a top product and a bottom product, heat is added at the bottom of the stripping section. In distillation, heat is used as the separating agent. The heat is conventionally supplied at the bottom reboiler in order to evaporate a liquid mixture but is lost when liquefying the overhead vapour at the reflux condenser. The temperature of this heat corresponds to the highest temperature point in the distillation column. The temperature of the heat rejected at the top of the rectifying section corresponds to the lowest temperature point in the distillation column. Thus, distillation involves the loss of heat from a higher temperature level to a lower temperature level in order to perform the work of separation. The efficiency of distillation is reduced if the heat rejected in the rectifying section of the distillation column is not reutilized (Smith, 2005.) This is the principle from which heat integration of distillation is m ainly based. Full-size image (28 K) Figure A schematic representation of a conventional distillation column (Kiran, 2012) 1.2 Benefits and Drawbacks of Heat Integration The possible benefits of heat integration tend to be potential energy savings due to greater efficiency and also less waste. Unfortunately due to a number of issues the technology has yet to be commercialised. Installation of any type of heat integration will entail a higher capital investment than that of any standard distillation column due to the increased complexity of the design. Also, the amount by which the efficiency is improved by is not always substantial in certain cases and therefore it must be considered whether the perceived benefits from the greater efficiency outweigh those of the added costs. The increased complexity can also increase the difficulty of designing, operating and controlling the system. There has also been a lack of experimental data for large scale examples to verify theoretical predictions. A successful heat integrated column design would show positive energy savings at reasonable economic figures that can be effectively operated and controlled. 2. Energy-efficient distillation techniques This section discusses some of the many heat integrated techniques that have so far been proposed with the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of separation processes. 2.1 Pseudo-Petlyuk column The thermally coupled distillation scheme was first patented by Brugma in 1937. The process is used for separating a ternary feed and consists of a conventional prefractionator and side stream tower. Both of these parts are equipped with a reboiler and a condenser. The unit is divided vertically by a wall through a set of trays in order to keep the feed stream and side product separated. It was Wolff and Skogestad (1995)who referred to this set up as a pseudo-petluk column. However, their research led to some concerns about serious issues during operation for high purity separations which would limit the effective use of this system in many cases (Wolff, 1995.) 2.2 The Divided-Wall Column The elimination of the prefractionator unit from the pseudo-Petlyk column leads to a configuration known as the divided-wall column (DWC) (Robin Smith et al, 1992.) It is displayed in figure 2. It is achieved by introducing a vertical partition into a distillation column to arrange a prefractionator and a main column inside a single shell. The advantage of this partitioned column is that a ternary mixture can be distilled into pure product streams with only one distillation structure, one condenser and one reboiler. Naturally the cost of the separation is reduced along with the number of equipment units which leads to a reduced initial investment cost. Subsequently, further research has been undertaken with for example Agrawal (2001) discussing for multicomponent mixture separation the various types of partitioned columns and their advantages and disadvantages. However, as a result of the lack of experience in design and control, the dividing wall columns were yet to be extensively used in industry. This is changing though and there has been a rapid growth in the number of units in use. In 2004 there were 40 units used worldwide (Adrian et al, 2004) Full-size image (11 K) Figure A schematic representation of a Petlyuk distillation column (also known as divided-wall column) (Jana, 2009). 2.3. Petlyuk column Petlyuk et al (1965) presented a detailed theoretical study on a divided-wall column called the Petlyuk column. This reduced Petlyuk structure involves low initial investment and consumes less energy which reduces the operating costs. However, upon comparison with a conventional distillation unit the Petlyuk column has many more degrees of freedom in both design and operation which can cause difficulty when designing the column and creating a control system. As displayed in figure 3, the two-column Petlyk configuration will commonly consist of a prefractionator connected to a distillation shell equipped with only one condenser and reboiler (Jana, 2009.). The thermal coupling in a Petyluk scheme has lead to large energy savings. Unfortunately, little progress has been made with regard to improving operation and control of the structure which hinders its usability. . Full-size image (20 K) Figure A schematic representation of a two-column Petlyuk structure. (Jana,2009) 2.4 Multi-Effect Column The basic idea of this method for separating multicomponent mixtures is to use the overhead vapour of the one column as the heat source in the reboiler for the next column. The columns may be heat integrated in the direction of the mass flow which is forward integration or back integration can be used with is in the opposite direction. A sample column that represents a multi-effect column with a prefractionator for a ternary mixture separation is displayed in figure 4. Full-size image (19 K) Figure A schematic representation of a multi-effect system for ternary (A-C) feed mixture (Jana, 2009) This integrated arrangement has been proved to provide considerable energy savings (Cheng et al, 1985.) However, the issue preventing commercialisation of the process is the operation difficulties owed to the nonlinear, multivariable and interactive nature of the process (Han et al, 1996.) More research must be undertaken to try and find appropriate solutions before there can be a more extensive use for this system and to make use of the energy saving potential. 2.5 Heat Pump-assisted Distillation Column The heat pump is mainly used as a way for increasing the thermal economy of a single distillation column. The heat pump-assisted distillation column or vapour recompression column (VRC) was implemented as an energy-efficient process for the chemical industries after an oil crisis in 1973 (Jana, 2009.) In the system the overhead vapour is pressurised by a compressor to the point where it can be condensed at an increased temperature which will supply the heat required in the reboiler. A schematic representation of this can be seen in figure 5. Full-size image (14 K) Figure A schematic representation of a heat pump-assisted distillation column (Jana, 2009) There are potentially large energy savings to be made, mainly for fractionating close boiling mixtures. This is due to the small temperature difference between the top and bottom of the column which will result in small compression ratios and consequently small compressor duties being required (De Rijke, 2007.) For a conventional distillation column attempting to fractionate the same close boiling mixture there will be a higher reflux ratio and thus larger reboiler duties would be required. The drawback for this technique is the high capital costs. Reducing the cost of running the heat pump-assisted distillation column would certainly increase its cost effectiveness and make it more viable as an option. 2.6 Heat integrated distillation column Using heat pump technology it is possible for separate rectifying columns and stripping columns to be heat integrated internally. This structure is a heat integrated distillation column (HIDiC.) Originally only part of the stripping and rectifying sections were integrated under the name of the SRV scheme but later column design has incorporated heat integration between the whole rectifying and stripping sections (Jana, 2009.) Figure 6 displays a typical partial energy integrated distillation scheme. Full-size image (26 K) Figure A schematic representation of a partial HIDiC scheme (Jana, 2009)) In this configuration the stripping column operates at pressure lower than the rectifying column. A compressor and throttling valve are installed in order to adjust the pressures. The pressure differential means there will be a corresponding difference in operating temperature which allows energy to be transferred between the two columns through heat exchangers. Reflux flow for the rectifying section and vapour flow for the stripping section is generated from the heat exchanged between the rectifying hot vapour and the stripping cold liquids. This allows the reboiler heat load to be substantially reduced. Less energy is consumed the more heat that is exchanged and through appropriate process design it can be possible for reflux and/or reboil free operations to be performed. It has been shown that the HIDiC, compared to the VRC, can lead to energy savings of about 50% (Sun et al, 2003.) However, the structure has a very complex design and requires large capital investment (Jana, 2009.) Meanwhile it has also been found find that there are many binary feed separations where HIDiC is actually less energy efficient than simple heat pump schemes using only one or two heat transfer locations. Furthermore, it was shown that the energy efficiency of HIDiC cannot be solely decided based on the feed composition or product purities as many calculations are based. A better performance indicator is the temperature profile along the height of the rectifying section relative to the corresponding temperature profile in the stripping section (Herron ,2011) Research is ongoing, focussing on the dynamics and the thermodynamic efficiency aspects while extensive research was undertaken by Suphanit (2011) focussing on optimal heat distribution depending on the column arrangement and number of heat exchangers. Suphanit also produced a couple of potential schemes display in figure 7. Full-size image (41 K) Figure Fig. 2. Internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC) (a) and HIDiC constructed in a concentric column (b) (Suphanit, 2011) The development of HIDiC has now reached the pilot plant stage in some countries such as Japan and the Netherlands.  Despite this, further research, both in terms of design and hardware development issues, is still needed before this application can be fully established and accepted in commercial use while further detailed study on the economic evaluation of this column structure is needed in order to ensure its advantage over more conventional schemes (Suphanit, 2011.) 2.7 Heat Integrated Batch Distillation Column Batch distillation is generally known to be a less energy efficient option than its continuous counterpart. However, the batch distillation is extensively used in pharmaceutical, fine and specialty chemicals industry due to its greater flexibility where the demand and lifetime of the products can be uncertain and may vary significantly with time. Jana (2009) proposed a novel heat integrated batch distillation column (HIBDC.) The proposal was based on a binary batch distillation example that separates an equimolar ethanol/water mixture. In comparison with the conventional batch process, the HIBDC also includes a compressor. The produced vapour in this concentric reboiler is firstly compressed and is then introduced at the bottom of the rectifier. This results in a pressure difference between the rectifier and reboiler. Consequently, energy is exchanged from the rectifier to the reboiler through the internal wall and brings the downward liquid flow for the former and upward vapour flow for the latter. This reduces the reboiler and condenser heat loads. However, an additional compressor duty is involved in the thermally coupled column. Full-size image (28 K) Figure Schematic of a heat integrated batch distillation column (HIBDC) [D = distillate rate (kmol/h), L1 = flow rate of liquid leaving 1st tray (kmol/h), nt = top tray, Qc = condenser duty (kW), Qn = rate of internal heat transfer from nth tray (kW),R = ref reflux rate (kmol/h),  VB  =  vapor boil-up rate (kmol/h)] (Jana, 2009) From the investigation it was observed that the HIBDC system appears overwhelmingly superior to its conventional stand alone column providing a significant savings in energy as well as cost. The potential energy integration leads to achieving about 56.10% energy savings and 40.53% savings in total annual cost. However, a single example comparing different configurations does not indicate that the proposed method would perform equally successfully for all mixtures. Therefore it was proposed that further investigation would take place in the future to come to a full conclusion as to the future promise of this technique. Takamatsu et al. (1998) also performed a comparative study between the heat integrated batch distillation and the conventional batch distillation that proved the superiority of the heat integrated scheme over its conventional counterpart in terms of energy efficiency. However, no more development has been found with regard to energy-efficient batch distillation. 2. 8 Intensified Heat Integrated Ternary Distillation Column Kiran et al. (2012) extensively investigated a novel intensified heat integrated ternary distillation column (int-HITDiC.) Their objective was to show that the int-HITDiC was superior in terms of energy consumption and economics than its general form, namely the HITDiC and the conventional standalone column. It was also investigated that the traditional HITDiC scheme shows a reasonable energy household and better economic figures than the conventional standalone column. The int-HITDiC is a hybrid scheme which gets the advantage of both the HIDiC and VRC strategies. It was found that this kind of heat integration could help to improve the process design not only in terms of thermodynamic efficiency but also in terms of capital investment. The intensified scheme can be classified into two different structure based on the number of compressors: the single compressor int-HITDiC and the double compressor int-HITDiC. From experimentation it was found that the double compressor system provided the best performance in terms of cost and energy consumption where it produced a maximum energy saving of 59.15%. Another attraction of the proposed double compressor int-HITDiC was its least payback time of excess capital which was 3.44 years. The performance of this proposed thermal integration techniques was measured using a ternary distillation system. A more general conclusion regarding energy and economic viewpoints could be found by extending its application to other example processes and checking for a consistent performance. An issue that should be mentioned regarding intensification is that although economic benefit is usually achieved the operability of the column tends to be reduced. Also, if the HIDiC is sensitive to disturbances then potentially the economic, safety and environmental performance may be unfavourably affected (Kiran et al, 2012.) 2.9 Internally Heat-Integrated Reactive Distillation Processes Internally heat-integrated distillation and reactive distillation are two promising technologies that can potentially result in considerable economical benefits. Jiao et al. (2012) conducted a study regarding internally heat-integrated reactive distillation; a technology which combines internally heat-integrated distillation and reactive distillation and is employed in order to further enhance the advantages of both technologies. The study tested three ideal quaternary systems, that reactive distillation processes with internal heat integration have been designed to use, to find which had the best potential for decreasing the total annual cost. These systems are types IP  and IIP  with stoichiometric design and also type IR which has excess design. In the case of type IP which has the reaction zone located in the centre of the reactive distillation column (RDC,) M-HIRDC will provide the highest economical benefit for the endothermic and exothermic reactions, chemical equilibrium constants and various relative volatilities. Here the reaction rate in the reactive trays in the high pressure section increases while in the reactive trays located in the pressure section the reaction rate will decrease. It is desirable to use HIRDC. The reaction zone is located at the bottom of the RDC when using type IIP  . Here the process with M-HIRDC will have better economical design than that of a conventional reaction distillation process in the case of both exothermic and endothermic reactions. The M-HIRDCs reactive trays are mostly positioned in the low-pressure section. Due to low pressure and temperature values the reaction rate is also smaller. It can be concluded that there are only minimal benefits to using HIRDC. The final system, type IR, has its reaction zone placed at the top of the RDC. This process shows the smallest total annual cost for the endothermic and exothermic reactions. The reactive trays are situated in the HP section and due to the increased temperature and pressure values the reaction rate is also increased. Thus, HIRDC is again a desirable operation. In conclusion, when the reaction zone is situated at the top of the column the lowest total annual cost will be found for the RDC. 2.10 Externally Heat-Integrated Double Distillation Column Liu et al. (2011) investigated the potential of externally heat-integrated double distillation columns (EHIDDiC.) In terms of the separation of an ideal binary mixture of hypothetical components A and B, the synthesis and design of the EHIDDiC were studied with the assumption of a constant pressure elevation between the low-pressure (LP) to the high-pressure (HP) distillation columns that are involved. It was found employing between one and three external heat exchangers results in a reasonable design option for the EHIDDiC. When a number of external heat exchangers greater than three were employed the process configuration has to be carefully determined as the increase in number of stages externally heat-integrated may not actually be beneficial to the system performance. This is due to the strong mass and heat couple between the LP and HP distillation columns that are involved and reflects the unique feature of the EHIDDiC. To reduce capital investment, the total external heat exchange areas should be installed through as small a number of heat exchangers as possible. The extreme situation would be the employment of a single external heat exchanger which would need knowledge in arranging the total heat heat transfer areas between the HP and LP distillation columns involved. These findings are of great significance both to process synthesis and design. A novel decentralised control scheme was also proposed for use for EHIDDiC operation. (Liu et al, 2011.) Huang et al. (2011) investigated three different configurations for externally heat-integrated double distillation columns performances for separating a binary mixture of ethylene and ethane. The configurations were a symmetrical EHIDDiC (S-EHIDDiC), an asymmetrical EHIDDiC (A-EHIDDiC), and a simplified asymmetrical EHIDDiC (SA-EHIDDiC), which were compared with respect to aspects related to process design and controllability. It was found that the A-EHIDDiC and SA-EHIDDiC were both superior to the S-EHIDDiC in terms of thermodynamic efficiency as well as in terms of process dynamics and controllability. Upon comparing the A -EHIDDiC and SA-EHIDDiC, the latter showed similar behaviour with the former in terms of process design and controllability. These results demonstrated that the asymmetrical configuration should generally be favoured over the symmetrical one for the development of the EHIDDiC (Huang et al, 2011.) 2.11 The structured heat integrated distillation column Krikken et als (2012) recent investigation into a structured heat integrated distillation column showed that a plate-packing configuration using structured packing gave a superior performance in comparison with the HIDIC based on the plate-fin heat exchanger. Further experimentation showed that the mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency increased significantly with increasing throughput. However, this was accompanied by an increasing pressure drop per stage. By simulating an industrial scale plate-packing unit it was found that an even better performance is possible through increasing the volumetric thermal load by further optimisation of the internals. The principle of a S-HIDiC is shown in figure 9. Here the rectifier and the stripper are alternatively stacked in a sandwich of layers which creates a high surface area for the heat and mass transfer while maintaining a high voidage. Full-size image (36 K) Figure Flow scheme of an S-HIDiC.(Krikken et al, 2012) Internals are used inside the layers to optimize the HIDIC performance. In the plate-packing HIDiC, which was developed and tested in this study, both heat and mass transfer are in balance at an acceptable pressure drop. This result of this is a column design providing substantial cost and energy savings. It could be possible to optimise the column configuration even further by decreasing the number of heat integrated stages and by increasing the volumetric thermal load but research is ongoing with regard to this. It is also important to note that the results obtained were purely based on one experience with conventional packed columns so further optimisation of the performance through adjustment of the internals is required. It was also noted that in order to achieve this development of design models would be useful (Krikken et al, 2012.) 2.12 Other Noteworthy Techniques Other techniques worth mentioning but are not explored in detail here are the inter-coupled column, concentric HIDiC, the fractionating heat-exchanger (all outlined by Jana, 2009,) control systems for heat integrated distillation systems with a multicomponent stream (Amidpour et al. 2012) and membrane distillation system using heat exchanger networks (Lu et al. 2012.) 3 Industrial Applications 3.1 Using i-HIDiC to Separate a Close-boiling Mixture It has already been proven that HIDiC can be superior in terms of energy savings when compared to other thermally coupled and conventional distillation columns. In an attempt to broaden the application of the ideal integration concept the economical and operational feasibility of the i-HIDiC scheme has been explored for the use in separating components of a close-boiling multicomponent mixture. It was found to be possible to employ two ideal HIDiCs to separate a hypothetical close boiling ternary mixture and two options of a direct and indirect sequence have been considered just as with its conventional equivalent. It has been previously found that it possible to achieve 30% to 50% energy savings for the separation of two close-boiling mixtures using a HIDiC (Iwakabe et al, 2006.) However it was then found that the ideal HIDiC system is even more thermodynamically efficient than a conventional distillation system (Huang et al, 2007.) Huang et al. (2007) found a process that was conducted with minimization of the total annual cost in mind. They analysed the closed-loop controllability for the ternary mixture separation using the i-HIDiC and the intensified i-HIDiC. Upon comparison it was shown that the intensified i-HIDiC showed worse closed loop control performance with large overshoots and a longer settling out time due to the positive feedback mechanism that is involved within the intensified structure. 3.2 Heat-integrated Extractive Distillation It is not possible to separate a binary mixture which has a very low value of relative volatility as the two components will evaporate at almost the same temperature and at a similar rate. For such cases extractive distillation can be utilised where a third components called solvent (which is a high boiling and relatively non-volatile component) is added in order to alter the relative volatility of the original feed components. It has previously been investigated as to the effectiveness and operation feasibility of several energy-integrated extractive distillation technologies including the divided-wall column, Petlyuk column and heat-integrated extractive distillation scheme (Abushwireb et al, 2007.) The work included a comparison between energy-integrated extractive distillation columns and conventional extractive distillation technique based on the recovery of aromatics from pyrolysis gasoline using a solvent called  N-methylpyrolidone. The optimum design was found through using a minimal total annual cost as the objective function. The conclusion of the study was that the designed extractive distillation schemes should meet all expectations in terms of energy consumption and purity of cuts. It was shown that the heat-integrated extractive distillation configuration is the preferred option ahead of the Petlyuk column, divided-wall column and conventional column. 3.3 Separating Close-boiling Mixtures using Heat Integrated Pressure-swing Distillation Three commonly used techniques for fractionating a binary close-boiling mixture are azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation and pressure swing distillation (PSD.) The first two techniques require a third component called a solvent that enhances the relative volatility of the components that are to be separated. This can lead to certain drawbacks such as the solvent never being completely removed thus adding impurity to the products, the cost of solvent recovery, the loss of solvent and potential environmental concerns (Treybal, 1980.) These potential issues with using a solvent have allowed the PSD approach to emerge as an attractive alternative option. An important prerequisite for the use of a PSD column is that the azeotrope separate has to be pressure sensitive. Here you have a low pressure (LP) distillation column and high pressure (HP) distillation column that are combined to avoid the azeotropic point. The inclusion of the HP and LP columns in the PSD configuration allows for the possibility of heat integration to be explored. Two appropriate types of energy integration for PSD processes were shown by K. Huang et al. (2008.) The first is the condenser/reboiler type heat integration where the condenser of the HP distillation column is integrated with the reboiler of the LP distillation process. The other option is the stripping/rectifying section type heat integration where the stripping section of the LP distillation unit is coupled with the HP distillation units rectifying section. It was found that for se parating close-boiling mixtures the best option is the latter while for other types of mixtures the reverse is actually true. However it was clear that both types of heat integrated PSD column have potential for large energy savings when separating close-boiling mixtures. Yu et al. (2012) also developed a new method for separating methyal/methanol using PSD. There it was found that the fully heat-integrated pressure swing distillation process had lower costs due its energy saving capabilities. 3.4 Heat integrated Cryogenic Distillation Cryogenic distillation columns will generally operate at extremely low temperatures. An example of this the process of separating air into its basic components where the process will run at about 100K (Mandler, JA.et al. 1989.) This temperature is low enough that oxygen and nitrogen will be in their liquid state and can consequently be separated in the column. The cryogenic separation unit has a highly costly installation arranged with the condenser if the overhead vapour is meant to covert to liquid phase as the overhead vapour is enriched with more volatile component which has a very low boiling point. The heat integration principle can be used by coupling the reboiler and condenser in the cryogenic distillation unit in order to reduce this high energy cost. The energy that is expelled in the condenser can then be utilised in the reboiler. A heat integrated cryogenic distillation column (HICDiC) that is constructed with two smaller c

The Anglo-saxon Literature Essay -- essays research papers

In the Anglo-Saxon literature, the scop has a privilege of retaining history, culture and social values of that society. In many cases the scop exercises the power to create stories which reflect the values of that society. The Rood in the  ¡Ã‚ °The Dream of the Rood ¡Ã‚ ± also tells a story of which affects its society and people. The existence of this witness that reports the suffering and the glorification of Christ proves necessary for the people to believe. The Rood becomes a hero that preserves an event that proves crucial to the society. As the Rood observes the suffering of Christ, it also shares with him the pains of crucifixion. In other words, the Rood takes part in Christ ¡Ã‚ ¯s crucifixion which pertains to the salvation of the souls. Although the Rood declares its god-like qualities along with Christ, there ¡Ã‚ ¯s a distinction between Christ and the Rood. Therefore, the Rood appears as a metonymic figure which represents the Christ ¡Ã‚ ¯s suffering but it doe s not represent Christ. In fact, the Rood assumes the role of Christ as it demands people to worship it. In this poem, the Rood appears as an Anglo-Saxon hero. However, the Rood fails to share the Christian beliefs when it declares the entity of God along with Christ. Although Christ and the Rood shared the  ¡Ã‚ °innocent ¡Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¯ suffering together, this does not provide an adequate explanation for the Rood to become a replacement of Christ. Indeed, the Rood appears as a hero in the Anglo-Saxon society for it reflects the values of many figures that suffer with their Lord. The Rood shares the suffering endured by Christ. It does not regret its pains but sympathizes with Christ as it brings unto itself the hostilities directed at Christ. Thus, it states,  ¡Ã‚ °[how] they mocked at us both ¡Ã‚ ±( ¡Ã‚ °The Rood ¡Ã‚ ±, 51). Suffering with the members of the community proves important to a hero in the Anglo-Saxon literature. In  ¡Ã‚ °The Battle of Maldon, ¡Ã‚ ± a band of warriors fight to save their community, more specifically, fight to  ¡Ã‚ °serve the Earl ¡Ã‚ ±(The Battle of Maldon, 11). Bryhtnoth is the Earl of these brave warriors who fight unto death in order to carry out their duty. This duty indicates that one does not desert a battleground and retreat in order to save one ¡Ã‚ ¯s life. Therefore, the heroes share the battlefield alongside their lord and fight until they win or die. Like these heroes of the Maldon, the Rood remains steadfast in sh... ...st did not have in mind for the people to worship a tree.  ¡Ã‚ °The Rood ¡Ã‚ ± states its separate entity from Christ.  ¡Ã‚ °The Tree of Victory ¡Ã‚ ± becomes itself a figure that must be worshipped by its people. In fact, the Anglo-Saxon society views its heroes as gods through the scops of the society. In Anglo-Saxon literature, scops acquire the power to influence and preserve their tradition, history and culture. The scops glorify the heroes of their times according to their deeds which uphold the values of that society. In addition, the scops give the heroes of their society power to be immortal. They honor their heroes as gods and inevitably honor the values that these heroes uphold. The Rood is one of the Anglo-Saxon heroes that represents the importance of sacrifice of enduring crucial suffering in order to benefit its society. Regardless of its former status, the Rood ¡Ã‚ ¯s deeds reinforce the values of the Anglo-Saxon sense of loyalty that makes them fearless in the face of wierd. In the face of the approaching death, these heroes are portrayed as honoring their community more than their lives. Thus, by remembering and worshipping these heroes, the Anglo-Saxons tend to honor their society.

The Storm – Kate Chopin

KATE CHOPIN (1850-1904)She was an American author of short stories and novels. She is now considered by some to have been a forerunner of feminist authors of the 20th century. Chopin was born Katherine O'Flaherty in St. Louis, Missouri. Her father, Thomas O'Flaherty, was a successful businessman who had emigrated from Galway, Ireland. Her mother, Eliza Faris, was a well-connected member of the French community in St. Louis. KatherineShe was the third of five children, but her sisters died in infancy and her brothers (from her father's first marriage) in their early twenties.She was thus the only child to live past the age of twenty-five. After her father's death in 1855, Chopin developed a close relationship with her mother, grandmother, and her great-grandmother. She also became an avid reader of fairy tales, poetry, and religious allegories, as well as classic and contemporary novels.REGIONALISMIn literature, regionalism refers to fiction or poetry that focuses on specific features – including characters, dialects, customs, history, and landscape – of a particular region. Kate Chopin is considered to be one of the best US Southern regional writers.THE STORMâ€Å"The Storm† is a short story by the American writer Kate Chopin, written in 1898. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime; it was published in a volume called â€Å"The Complete Works of Kate Chopin† in 1969. The story is set in the late nineteenth century at Friedheimer's store in Louisiana, and at the nearby house of Calixta and Bobinot.CHARACTERS†¢ Bibi: four-year-old son of Calixta and Bobinot†¢ Calixta: mother of Bibi†¢ Bobinot: husband of Calixta and father of Bibi.†¢ Alcee Laballiere: former Calixta’s beau (lover).THEMES†¢ The main topic in the story is the sexuality, a topic not publicly discussed in 1898. For this reason, the story was not published during her lifetime. The relationship between Calixta and Alcee holds a degree of passion absent from their marriages. Calixta's sexuality is directly tied to the storm.ANALYSISThe Chinaberry tree being struck by lightning is also representative of Calixta's sin in a Catholic area, where adultery is considered a sin that is so grave that it sends them to hell unless they repent before they die. 1] [2] This piece was written at a time when faith was beginning to be questioned. The narrator begins by describing Calixta as a worrisome wife, but, after Alcee notices her for the first time in five years, the description shifts to her youthful beauty. Calixta's husband, the reader assumes, no longer looks at her the way Alcee does. He sees her as a real woman, but she pretends that everything has changes especially after having a child. After the rain stops â€Å"the sun was turning the glistening green world into a palace of gems. This could symbolize new outlooks on the two lovers' marriages.The point of view is 3rd person omniscient. The story also highlights i mages of purity. White imagery is introduced at the beginning of the second section when Calixta unbuttons her white blouse at the neck. When we see the interior of the house for the first time, the narrator describes the â€Å"white, monumental bed. † When the sexual tension is released, the sexualized purity reaches a climax; her neck, exposed by the act of unbuttoning, is white, and her breasts are â€Å"whiter. She is â€Å"as white as the couch she lay upon,† and her passion is described as a â€Å"white flame. † Added to this seemingly paradoxical use of white are the references to the Virgin Mary. While Assumption is a place name, it is also the feast that celebrates the bodily ascension of Mary into heaven, a metaphorical description of what has just happened to Calixta, and, to further the connection, â€Å"her firm, elastic flesh† is compared to a â€Å"creamy lily. † The lily is Mary's flower.SYMBOLISMThe Storm The storm is a super obvi ous symbol. It's involved in practically every element of the story. First off, it's the title. Second, it plays a huge role in the plot, forming the beginning and the end of the story. It also plays a really important part in the middle by bringing Calixta and Alcee together, pushing them into each other's arms and giving them the time and space to get physical before the world outside returns to normal. Assumption Assumption is the small town where Calixta and Alcee met up and shared kisses long ago. It's also, tellingly, where they did not give in to their carnal desires completely – they never had sex there.The name Assumption has religious connotations that remind us of virginity and chastity. In Christianity, it's a reference to a specific event: the Virgin Mary's ascent to heaven after she dies. Whitenes With all the whiteness mentioned repeatedly throughout the story, â€Å"The Storm† practically reaches Moby-Dick levels. White usually symbolizes purity or chas tity, but this story twists it around to represent sexual desire and longing. While this whiteness in literature would traditionally refer to a body that the male character couldn't access, that purity is transformed into sexuality here.The â€Å"flame† of Calixta's â€Å"passion† is â€Å"white†; her body in all its ecstasy is â€Å"like a creamy lily. † In this story, the color white might almost be better understood as red-hot. It means giving in, not holding back.SUMMARYBobinot and his four-year-old son, Bibi, are at Friedheimer's store when a particularly violent storm emerges. The two decide to remain at the store until the storm passes. Meanwhile, back at their house, Calixta is so occupied with her sewing that, at first, she does not notice the ominous clouds or thunder.Finally, she notices that it is growing darker outside and decides to shut the windows and retrieve Bobinot's clothes, which are hanging outside. Alcee, one of Calixta's former bea us, rides up on his horse and helps her remove the remaining clothes from the line. The storm worsens and Calixta invites Alcee into her home until it abates. Alcee is hesitant to come in and stays outside until it becomes apparent that the storm is not going to let up. Calixta gathers up the lengths of cotton sheet she had been sewing while Alcee takes a seat in the rocker.Calixta goes over to the window and observes the intensity of the storm and worries about her husband and son. Alcee attempts to comfort her and reminisces about the passion they once felt for each another. As the storm increases in intensity, so does the passion of the two former lovers. Alcee brings up the passion and love they once had for one another. The adulterers' sexual encounter ends at the same time as the storm. Alcee rides off on his horse. Bobinot and Bibi return from the store and Calixta immediately embraces them.Calixta acts like nothing hadwas happened and she even wants to feast with her husband their way back to home. The story ends with the sentence: â€Å"So the storm passed and everyone was happy† symbolizing Calixta and Alcee were happy to have the affair. This is also a good sentence to summarize the whole of the story. When the storm hashave passed they all returned to the normality.BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kate_Chopin http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Storm_%28short_story%29 http://www. katechopin. org/the-storm. shtml

Equation for Reaction Between Baking Soda and Vinegar

Equation for Reaction Between Baking Soda and Vinegar The reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar (dilute acetic acid) generates carbon dioxide gas, which is used in chemical volcanoes and other projects. Here is a look at the reaction between baking soda and vinegar and the equation for the reaction. How the Reaction Works The reaction between baking soda and vinegar actually occurs in two steps, but the overall process can be summarized by the following word equation: baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) plus vinegar (acetic acid) yields carbon dioxide plus water plus sodium ion plus acetate ion The chemical equation for the overall reaction is: NaHCO3(s) CH3COOH(l) → CO2(g) H2O(l) Na(aq) CH3COO-(aq) with s solid, l liquid, g gas, aq aqueous or in water solution Another common way to write this reaction is: NaHCO3 HC2H3O2 → NaC2H3O2 H2O CO2 The above reaction, while technically correct, does not account for the dissociation of the sodium acetate in water. The chemical reaction actually occurs in two steps. First, there is a double displacement reaction in which acetic acid in the vinegar reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form sodium acetate and carbonic acid: NaHCO3 HC2H3O2 → NaC2H3O2 H2CO3 Carbonic acid is unstable and undergoes a decomposition reaction to produce the carbon dioxide gas: H2CO3 → H2O CO2 The carbon dioxide escapes the solution as bubbles. The bubbles are heavier than air, so the carbon dioxide collects at the surface of the container or overflows it. In a baking soda volcano, detergent usually is added to collect the gas and form bubbles that flow somewhat like lava down the side of the volcano. A dilute sodium acetate solution remains after the reaction. If the water is boiled off of this solution, a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate forms. This hot ice will spontaneously crystallize, releasing heat and forming a solid that resembles water ice. The carbon dioxide released by the baking soda and vinegar reaction has other uses besides making a chemical volcano. It can be collected and used as a simple chemical fire extinguisher. Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, it displaces it. This starves a fire of the oxygen needed for combustion.

Free Printable Geography Worksheets

Free Printable Geography Worksheets Geography worksheets can be a  valuable resource for teachers and students looking for activities and information related to both U.S. states and foreign countries. Each link leads you to a page featuring general background about the subject, whether it be countries like Germany and Japan, or states like Alaska and Nevada. The resources also include crossword puzzles, vocabulary worksheets, alphabet-ordering activities and explanations of geographical terms- such as isthmus, island and archipelago. Use these printables as study aids, pop quizzes or launching points for discussions about the various states and countries included here.  Add these free printable geography worksheets to your homeschool day to reinforce geography skills and for variety and fun. General Geography and Foreign Countries GeographyGermanyJapanSouth America U.S. States Alabama PrintablesAlaska PrintablesArizona PrintablesArkansas PrintablesCalifornia PrintablesColorado PrintablesFlorida PrintablesGeorgia PrintablesHawaii PrintablesIllinois PrintablesIndiana PrintablesIowa PrintablesKansas PrintablesKentucky PrintablesLouisiana PrintablesMaine PrintablesMaryland PrintablesMichigan PrintablesMississippi PrintablesMissouri PrintablesMontana PrintablesNevada PrintablesNew Jersey PrintablesNew Mexico PrintablesNew York PrintablesNorth Carolina PrintablesOhio PrintablesOklahoma PrintablesOregon PrintablesPennsylvania PrintablesRhode Island PrintablesSouth Carolina PrintablesSouth Dakota PrintablesTennessee PrintablesTexas PrintablesUtah PrintablesVirginia PrintablesWashington PrintablesWest Virginia PrintablesWisconsin Printables

Diving Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diving Tourism - Essay Example Sustainable driven tourism is a way for nations to show their commitment to conserving the environment and local traditions while still earning an income and creating job opportunities. The reason why sustainable tourism is being encouraged all over the world is due to the fact that there is dire need to have positive development. Currently, diving as part of the tourism sector is a booming business. Many nations which have reef lined coasts are making a lot of money from dive tourism activities. However, the problem that is going to affect the economies of such booming business is the mechanical damage that is consequential of these activities. Niche tourism addresses one of the fastest growing sectors in the tourism industry. This paper looks at the integrated picture of niche tourism. This tourism category is divided into micro and macro niche (Johnson 2002). This concept has an all-inclusive theoretical structure and it discusses policies, initiatives and strategies that are to be implemented internationally (Swarbrooke et al 2003). There is a growing concern on the international scene over issues like global warming, energy crises and climate changes. This influences personal choices such as travel destination, lengths of journeys and other issues like environmentally friendly services e.g. use of oil in transportation and waste management in tourism. To retain international competitiveness, nations are ensuring that they considerably decrease carbon emission and waste management (Jennings 2007). The coasts that are used for diving tourism are often fragile ecosystems and most of them run a limited scope of action in creating alternatives that conserve the environment (Neto 2003). Diving tourism has been developing very fast and hence tourism activities often had a very rapid and relentless impact on natural resources (Novelli 2005). The chief tourism related environmental concerns that face these coasts are several as outlined. The degradation of the environment is usually caused by developing infrastructure and services as well as the direct impact of the activities of the tourists. At the tourism coasts, there is a very high competition for land use (Jennings 2007). The prices of building are increasing causing much of the fallow land to be cleared for construction; as a result, erosion results. The developing tourism is a threat to the environment as human beings interfere with biological life both wildlife and vegetation. It is feared that this can lead to the permanent damage of the susceptible ecosystem (Swarbrooke et al 2003). With increased tourism, there is often a problem of waste management at the coast. Treating and disposing solid and liquid waste becomes very complex. Some coasts have very limited infrastructure and the capacity becomes overwhelmed during peak season. Dive tourism has been indicated to exacerbate this condition (Novelli 2005 & Uyarra et al 2008). There is so much disposition of unprocessed effluent to the areas that surround the sea. As a consequence, there is very high risk if not considerable loss of precious marine life, silting, erosion, and destruction of coral reefs on which tourism is highly dependent (Johnson 2002). Increasing tourism at the coast especially because of the increasing popularity of the dive tourism has be

An Overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law Research Paper

An Overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening - Research Paper Example The patriot act aimed to address this by effecting drastic changes in its intelligence agencies. This enables them to work more efficiently by removing the barrier that impeded their work. The act also aimed to seal the loopholes that terrorist were using to their advantage making Americans vulnerable to terrorist attacks. The act reduced the restrictions that the agencies enforcing the law were facing during their endeavor of intelligence gathering in the country. The act also went further and increased the mandate of the treasury by giving the secretary in the department authority to control financial exchanges, and transactions in order to choke out the supply of funding for terrorist activities in the country (Scheppler, 2006). They especially emphasized on the transactions that foreigners made that were suspicious or had terrorist links. In addition, the immigration department was given the go ahead to deport or detain individuals who are suspected of being terrorist or are aidi ng terrorist acts through their actions. The act also delved into domestic terrorism by expanding the definition of the act in order to seal the loopholes that terrorist might exploit. Through this act, the intelligence agencies and law enforcers were unshackled from restrictions that would have impeded their fight against terrorism. The current administration has extended the mandate of the act in order to guarantee that the security of the US is safeguarded. The act has had a significant impact on law enforcement in that the agencies have been empowered to be able to carry out their duties efficiently, without coming into conflict with the law, or encroaching into the rights of individuals. The act has also widened the net of the intelligence communities to be able to thwart acts of terror on the US population. The act came about when the American government was pushed to act after a devastating terrorist attack

Doctrine of the Trinity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Doctrine of the Trinity - Essay Example Orthodox Church had believed in certain doctrines but a dialogue to establish proper ecumenical principles was necessary. Trinitarianism exists on the divinity of Father, Son and the Holy Spirit, who are the Godheads, with rather unclear entities. One opinion said they are One, representing substance, power and eternity; but the controversy prevailed. The early Church Fathers had diverse views about the doctrine of Trinity. Some of them had difficulty in accepting that Jesus was not the only God. Some were reluctant to say that he was not the God, but only the Son of the God. "To us there is but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and for whom we live; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and through whom we live." (1 Cor. 8:6, KJV and NIV). "There is not a single controversy with regard to the Nature of the Trinity, as far as we know, which does not involve the doctrine that Christ is the Wisdom of God as its starting point, and the Old Testament definitions of that Wisdom as its proof-test," p.31, Harris. There were confusions with some saying that Jesus represented all the three, or Jesus himself is God and all the three represented Jesus himself. In the scripture the word trinity is not mentioned and its origin remains a bit mysterious In 382, Pope St. In 382, Pope St. Damascus called a local council in Rome to discuss the doctrine of trinity and a papal commentary is still available with strict terms while laying down rules and regulations of being a heretic. "Understanding the nature of orthodoxy and heresy during the fourth century is further complicated by the need to note not only shifts in the content of Christian belief concerning Trinitarian and Christological issues, but also considerable change in the structures and practices within which right belief is assessed," Ayres, p.79. From there, Trinity went through resistance and Fathers like SS. Athanasius, Gregory of Nyssa and Augustine shaped the doctrine in many stages by writing commentaries and defences based on the Council of Constantinople. Athanasius wrote before the council, but says that the Triad is the creator of all things and emphasises that Father and Son work as the principal force behind creation, protection, life, and they are more or less one. St Gregory wrote after the Council and was clearly influenced by the Council's proceedings. He sees the doctrine on the Blessed Trinity's ad extra as Johannine Theology and of biblical origin. In 390, he wrote Concerning We Should Think of Saying that There are not Three Gods to Ablabius where he upholds the Doctrine and says that Father, Son and the Holy Spirit are one and insists that 'no activities of the Godhead are unique to any one'. Around 399 St. Augustine started his work De Trinitate where he cites Gospel of St. John many times and according to him the Doctrine of Trinity could be found in the Gospel of St. John. "Prior to the Cappadocians there scarcely was a concept of person in ancient philosophy. Moreover, the Cappadocians provided a rather complex concept of person" p.14. Turcescu, 2005. Within a period of 264 years from the Council of Nice in 325 AD, a clear definition emerged as the basis of doctrine of the Trinity. In the year 589 AD, the Third Synod at Toledo proclaimed

Topshop Transactional website Essay Example for Free

Topshop Transactional website Essay Topshop is a transactional website that specifically sells merchandise like clothes, shoes and accessories. The audience intended to shop at Topshop is varied between teenagers and middle aged women around 35 years old. As I navigated around the Site I believe that it would fulfil the needs of the audience with its wide variety of merchandise. Site Structure The homepage of Topshop is well decorated and brightly colour to obtain the customers attention. The site is also updated every week to keep the site fresh and original looking. As you can see from the screenshot above there is a list of options down the left hand side of the site navigating you to Shop products and to the different shop information. The first listing on the column is Shop by which takes the customer to the different categories of stock e. g. Fashion Tops, basic Tops, Dresses etc. Also on the main column there are a number of options to click upon Shop By When clicked upon shop by opens a new window showing the different items of merchandise a customer can purchase New Shows you the items recently added to the Topshop website and what you can purchase in the Topshop store Collections collections shows the customer the different type of styles i. e. Punk, Office etc and different types of designer that design for Topshop e. g. Celia Birtwell Topshop Boutique This option also shows you different types of designers but the designers are not house hold names but are well known e. g. Richard Nicoll and Markus Lupfer. The TEE shop the tee shop shows the different style of plain t-shirts you can purchase in every colour so that if youre looking for a simple top it will be easily found. The denim shop this includes all denim items the Topshop provide e. g. Jeans. Jackets etc TOPSHOP mini Topshop mini is a new selection on this website this consist of many various items supplied for small babies. Topshop info when this option is chose this brings the customer to whatever information they are seeking for example Return policy or Postage and Package cost. Also located in the options in the left hand side is Topshop info when clicked upon this brings the viewer to various options like Store Locator, Contact us, policies or Services and Help. Topshop site is well laid out and simple to navigate around, the Information like Privacy is straightforward to find and will make customers more relaxed about purchasing over the internet. However there are no search facilities or site map which might be a downfall to Topshop success but as you continue viewing this site the customer will realise that the site is well laid out and therefore there will be no need for these functions. The arrangement throughout the site is simple enough to follow for someone who can use computers but for a newcomer or older person this site would take a lot of time and effort to get adjusted to. The services and help are clearly marked in the Topshop site and its easy to use, simple layout of the information is well documented and is very useful. The domain name of the site is Topshop which I consider to be really memorable as it is short but appealing. As Topshop is a renowned site if entered into any search engineer e. g. Google, it will locate the site. When entered the site is quick and effortless to load which is a huge advantage also as no password is needed to enter the Topshop website any user is aloud to access it. The Topshop website is in keeping with the corporate identity and the Topshop font on the website is the same as the Topshop high street store and the corporate design on the sales bag.