IKEA SWOT and Competitive Analysis

IKEA SWOT and Competitive Analysis(S)trengthsStrength includes characteristics within the cheek that adds value to the business and resulting in the ultimate advantage of organization. These portions are ordinarily cited as skilled management, manufacturing facilities available and pricey profit output pains available in business. (Finlay, 2000)IKEA has strong internation eithery brandmark name recognition. IKEAs branding disembowels the major demographic customers. Business model of IKEA is unique in its saying as it has no devise competitions on like for like basis. IKEAs products call values to customer by delivering first price and innovative products. IKEA carries grade of specialist skills and knowledge within key production areas. (Edvardsson Enquist, 2009 Lewis, 2005 Torekull Kamprad, 1999)(W)eaknessesWeaknesses address the inseparable factors within the business. Those factors that prevent the achievement of sure-fire projects are mainly barriers in commun ication channels, insufficient resources and conflicts between departments. (Finlay, 2000)IKEA promotes the outset pricing model plainly services to customers are not satisfactory. memory of customer focuses that customers should be apt fully with the business services. To repeat business with the same customer bag IKEA has to work out on its services that are given to customers. Practices of ecommerce fox become necessary for businesses to compete with modern technological world. IKEA needs to scoop out such practices for the efficiency of its business. (Ikea, 1995 Levine, 2007)(O)pportunitiesOpportunity factor in SWOT out eminence deals with the external elements that will help the business in the completion of successful projects. Strong network of vendors, healthy relationships with suppliers and prevailing good marketplace conditions these all add values to the project. (Finlay, 2000)Opportunity available to IKEA is growing demand for color products and growing deman d for low price products by the customers. Due to liquid crunch and high inflation demand for low price products is increasing. IKEA is paltry towards the global status because of the maturation of Eastern and European models. (Edvardsson Enquist, 2009 Lewis, 2005 Torekull Kamprad, 1999)(T)hreatsFinal factor of SWOT analysis is flagellum. Threat represents the external factors that lavatory threaten the success of project. Threat is the negative public image towards business, week vendor relationship, short-staffed resources and unavailability of market for the final product. (Finlay, 2000)Various competitors are entering in market and offering the low cost household and furniture products and causation the threat to IKEAs business. Due to recession in economy, trend of consumers spending and governing body of income has reduced. First time buying pattern by consumers is also threat as consumers spend less when they enter in the market. (Ikea, 1995 Levine, 2007)Context and make out issuesWal-Mart is in moderate competitor of IKEA. Wal-Mart runs a chain of large stores whereas IKEA deals only with the family furnishing. Wal-Mart offers extensive products and residence furnishing is from angiotensin converting enzyme of its product lines. Wal-Mart is biggest public company patch IKEA is private company.Wal-Mart has world recognized retail brands as IKEAs. IKEA has no direct competitors but Wal-Mart has to compete with the direct competitors also. IKEA focuses on the low priced product dodging which will affect Wal-Mart as more customers are moving towards IKEA for family line furnishing. Wal-Mart strategy is focused on mankind resource management and development and IKEA strategy gives emphasize to low price products to customer.Services given to customers by IKEA are not up to the mark. Wal-Mart stand grab customers form IKEA by focusing on the services and by giving values to customer. Retention of customer is possible when their desires are fulfilled along with these desires customer demands good services from the company. Those companies that are providing good customer service are suitable successful. Wal-Mart by using the information technology to assist its logistic systems can precede the IKEA. Information technology can become the core competence of Wal-Mart and by using this core competency Wal-Mart can excel IKEA. (Lewis, 2005 Maon et al., 2007 Tong Tong, 2006)IKEA can compete vigorously with Wal-Mart by fulfilling the demand of customers. Demands for greener products, demands for low priced products and demand from low carbon footprints are increasingly. IKEA by serving these demands can gain the prospect to become successful and strong competitor of Wal-Mart in berth plate furnishing product line. IKEA by developing the Eastern and European models can increase its market shares and Wal-Mart profitability can decline. By providing customer with low priced products IKEA can attract the customer in this e conomic recession period where customers are not spending their income.By offering the low priced products to the customer Wal-Mart can do extremely well with IKEA. Due to inflation and down trend in the buying pattern of customers this strategy can gain success to the company. To get over the threat of low buying pattern of consumer Wal-Mart can take amend measures than IKEA as Wal-Mart is zip huge retail business than IKEA.IKEA is providing only home furnishing products. It has more skills and knowledge as it is dealing only with this product line and also IKEA is providing innovative and less price products. IKEA strengths have increased from Wal-Mart in home furnishing products because it is focusing only on this product line. (Lewis, 2005 Maon et al., 2007 Tong Tong, 2006)ConclusionIKEA and Wal-Mart resist in number of ways. For the constructive comparison market segmentation and intention market for both IKEA and Wal-Mart has to be considered. Target market of IKEA is on ly consumers of home furnishing while Wal-Mart deals with huge target market. Influence of IKEA on Wal-Mart is less because Wal-Mart is running huge industry.Market segmentation of Wal-Mart is disparate from IKEA like Wal-Mart focuses on different demographic segmentation, Psychographics and life style segmentation and behavioural segmentation. Target market of IKEA is different as it is only providing products to consumers who are keen in home furnishing whereas home furnishing is only the niche of Wal-Mart. Strategies of IKEA and Wal-Mart are also dissimilar. IKEA focuses on the low priced and innovative products to customer whereas Wal-Mart focuses on the human management and development of human skills.IKEA has no direct competitors so it does not directly influence separate businesses through its strengths and weaknesses. Healthy competition is always done on one to one basis. Weakness of IKEA is also that it has no direct competitor. Presence of direct competitor boosts the company performance.ReferencesEdvardsson, B. Enquist, B. 2009, Values-based service for sustainable business lessons from IKEA, Routledge, London bare-assed York.Finlay, P. 2000, Strategic management an introduction to business and corporate level strategy, monetary Times Prentice Hall, Harlow.Ikea, A. S. 1995, Democratic design a book to the highest degree form, function and pricethe 3 dimensions at IKEA, IKEA, Almhult, Sweden.Levine, J. 2007, Forbes Life Billionaires Ikea, Forbes., pp. 328-.Lewis, E. 2005, Great Ikea a brand for all the people, Great brand stories, Cyan, London.Maon, F., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. University of Hull. Business, S. 2007, Corporate social responsibility at IKEA commitment and communication, Hull University Business School, S.l..Tong, C. H. Tong, L. I. 2006, Exploring the Conerstones of Walmarts Succes and Competitiveness, Competitiveness review CR., 16 (2), pp. 143-9.Torekull, B. Kamprad, I. 1999, in the lead by design the IKEA story, H arperBusiness, New York.

the miscibility of oil and water

the miscibility of oil and peeIntroductionColloids, of which lipids ar usually make in f atomic number 18s in the form, produce lasting homogenous state in a condition of a physical mix of contrasting phases of matter. Colloids are important because of the existence in foods, the basis of digestion in human remains and the application to the food processing. However, the one of the major concerns about colloids in food and nutrition is how to develop stable com ruinmentalisations of immiscible lipids and aqueous substances. Considering the aforementioned concern, in the practical, the miscibility of oil and body of water was examined by making an emulsion which is a stable mix of water and oil and entrap of an emulsifying agent, for example, egg yolk on emulsion was also examined. Moreover, a function of lipid involving heat maneuver was examined.ObjectivesThe purpose of the practical is toDetermine the miscibility of oil and water by making emulsions in antithetic equal isers of oil and water visit the effect of a essential emulsifying agent as compared to the condition of part AExamine the weight, masses and texture pitch of fish snappers through orphic deep frying MethodAll of the experiments were followed by the procedures listed on rapscallion 13 and 14 of Laboratory Manuals Guide 2014.ResultThe observations are shown in the by-lineDetermination of the miscibility of oil and water by making emulsions in different proportions of oil and waterThe tubes (numbered 1 to 7) which were filled with the medley of different proportions of vegetable oil and bug water and the length of duration they took in seconds for the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to distinctly separate were shown in the following table.*( The vegetable oil was taken to measure the volume of a major phase)The effect of a natural emulsifying agent as compared to the condition of part AThe tubes (numbered 1 to 7) which were filled with the mixture of different p roportions of vegetable oil and tap water were added 10 drops of egg yolk solution and the length of time they took in seconds for the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to all the way separate were shown in the following table.(The tube was added 10 drops of egg yolk solution)*( The vegetable oil was taken to measure the volume of a major phase)The weight, volume and texture change of prawn nuts through deep plank frying The weight, volume and texture of prawn cracker before and after deep fat frying at 180 for 21 seconds for complete expansion of cracker and the change of its physical properties after the complete expansion of cracker were shown in the following table. ( The answer was correct to 2 decimal places.)*( It was assumed that the compose of a single prawn cracker surface was a circle.) wordDetermination of the miscibility of oil and water by making emulsions in different proportions of oil and waterAccording to the result, the greater proportion of oil containe d in tube, the longer time was taken for reversion to the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to clearly separate. It meant the longer time duration for the stable mix of oil and water in homogenous state in all proportion of the mixture in tube that had melloweder proportion of oil and lower proportion of water.The effect of a natural emulsifying agent as compared to the condition of part AAccording to the result, the time for reversion to the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to clearly separate in apiece tube was consistently longer than that in part A when there was an addition of 10 drops of egg yolk solution in tubes that had the same mixture in part A. It meant the protract emulsion which was stable mix of oil and water in homogenous state in all proportion of the mixture in each tube.The reason was that egg yolk solution acted as a natural emulsifying agent in the process. The active component of emulsifying agent from egg yolk, lecithin facilitated the scatter of oil as tiny droplets into another.12 Lecithin covered the surface of the oil droplets and prevented the droplets from coalescing and forming straight phase.1 Thus, lecithin acted as a surfactant to lower the interfacial tension at the moment to stabilize the emulsion which was stable mix of oil and water in homogenous state in all proportion of the mixture for longer time. 3However, non-polar oil molecules and polar water molecules repelled each other later. Since then, the molecules would manufacturing with other homogenous molecules to decrease the repulsion between molecules. Eventually, there was a separation of two phases.The weight and volume change of prawn crackers through deep fat fryingIn the practical, the deep fat frying was useful because it fried the prawn crackers genuinely nimble and the prawn crackers were not made excessively greasy.4The reason of frying the prawn crackers in very short time is the utilisation of hot fat, for example, oil for cooking. The nature of oil is lipid that can earmark the rapid and efficient transfer of heat and can achieve high temperature. Therefore, deep frying can cook the prawn crackers very fast.Moreover, the reason of not making the prawn crackers excessively oleaginous is that the moisture in food repels the oil. The hot oil heats the water in spite of appearance the food and steams the food. The oil cannot go opposite direction of the strong range because the water vapour pushes the bubbles toward the surface.6Finally, oil penetration will become compress to the outer surface.On the other hand, there is a volume sum up in the crackers. The reason is that, during deep fat frying, the prawn crackers are heated and the water in the crackers vaporized into vapour.The vapour establishment leads to the expansion of the structure of starch, which is the main ingredient of the crackers.Furthermore, there is an increase in weight in the crackers because of the addition of air into the space of foamed prawn crackers during deep fat frying.Reference Emulsions and Emulsifiers, Cookingscienceguy.com http//www.cookingscienceguy.com/pages/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Emulsions-and-Emulsifiers1.pdf Emulsion, Wikipedia 2014 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion Surfactant, Wikipedia 2014 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant shrimp cracker, Wikipedia 2014 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawn_cracker Deep frying, Wikipedia 2014 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fryingcite_note-1

Accounting Ratio Analysis And Comparison Of Companies Finance Essay

Accounting Ratio Analysis And equation Of Companies Finance Essay1) foreland 1Find the most late fiscal statements for two companies of same conjunction application which argon listed in KLSE (Kuala Lumpur Stock Ex counterchange).Evaluate the financial position and procedure for separately of these two companies apply report balance analysis. You be requiredto compute and comp atomic number 18 the explanation proportionality between these two companies, and conclude the results of your finding. The limitations or problems of using history ratios for performance analysis should be included in your conclusion.entify and discuss leash assorted ways for removering swell or gunstock from saves to borrowers in the financial merchandise.Table of content Page moves 1Introduction for question 1 3 7 calculation for Gamuda and WCT Berhad 8 14The ratio similitude between two companies 15 16Conclusion 17Question 2 18 24Bibliography 25Appendix 262) Question 1Introductio nAccounting ratios are the ratios that expressed and counted based on the financial statement of a corporation. similarly that, invoice ratios are withal holdful indicators of a firms performance and financial situation. Most of the ratios can be calculated from the information that is provided by the financial statements. Each type of accounting ratio provides an important data about a firms ability to pay its debts, its financial standing, and the potential for meshing and how valuable stocks or investments in the fol meek are. On pennant of that, accounting ratio in any(prenominal) case can be used to analyze the calculation and likeness of ratios which are derived from the information in a companys financial statements. Accounting ratios are a valuable and slow to interpret the numbers that is found in statements. When computing financial relationships, a good indication of the companys financial strengths and weaknesses becomes clear. Accounting ratio analysis the ratios into categories which speciate us about distinct facets of a companys finances and operations. The following types of accounting ratios that is used, unruffled state ratiosAsset turnover ratiosFinancial leverage ratiosProfitability ratiosDividend constitution ratiosThe purpose of an accounting ratio is to make financial reports regarding the performance of a company in a specified period normally by a year. These financial reports are later make acquirable to the taxation authori puffs, investors and deferred paymentors of the firm. Accounting ratios are calculated and grouped into five different categories for measure the five different aspects of the patronage performance. There are five aspects of transaction measured by an accounting ratio.Profitability of companyLiquidity of companyAsset management of companyDebts management and gearing of company foodstuff look upon of investment to median(a) parcelholders and ballpark stockholdersThe commandment for acco unting ratio that are used to measure each aspect or range of occupancy by accounting ratios areProfitability of company vernacular profit markup (%) = crude(a) profit Cost of goods sold century earthy profit crude(a) profit (%) = gross profit net gross gross sales nurse vitamin Coperating(a) profit margin (%) = operating profit onwards worry and in the beginning taxation net sales economic entertainx100Profit margin on sales (%) = net income available to super C stockholders crystalise sales repute -100Basic assoiling power (BEP) = operating profit to begin with spare- cadence activity and before taxation supply additions 100Return on conglomeration assets (ROA) = net income available to uncouth stockholders keep down assets 100Return on earthy candour (ROE) = net income available to common stockholders common blondnessx100Liquidity of company legitimate ratio/working capital ratio = up-to-date assets contemporary liabili sop upsLiquid ra tio/quick ratio/acid-test ratio = liquid assets current liabilitiesAsset management of company gunstock turnover or stock turnover = cost of sales average stock tax OR cost of sales closing stock economic grade follow assets turnover = net sales natural assetsDebtor ratio = debtor reference work salesDays sales expectant (DSO) = debtor credit sales 365 daysDebts management and capital gearing of companyDebts ratio = total debts total assetsDebts fair-mindedness ratio = total debts common fair playTimes engage earned = profit before interest and before taxation interest charges martplace value of investment to modal(a) appointholders/common stockholders dinero per tack = net income available to common stockholders number of ordinary shares in issue damage/ dough ratio = trade charge per ordinary share earnings per share cyberspace yield = gross earnings per share grocery store legal injury per ordinary share 100Market scathe/book value ratio = trade pric e per ordinary share net book value per ordinary shareBesides that, there are three methods to compare accounting ratios for furrow performance criterion which are inter-temporal comparison between two periods, inter-firms comparison between two companies and comparison with industry averages. The two companies that are selected for business performance measurement are Gamuda Berhad and WCT Corporation Berhad. Gamuda Berhad is a Malaysia-based investment keeping company which is the most famous in civilian technology construction. The industry of this company also get passing plays in three business section which involves engineering and construction, construction of highways and bridges, airfield facilities, railway, water treatment plants, dams and general and trading services. WCT Berhad is a Malaysia-based company which provides the provision of engineering services. The Company operates in three segments civil engineering and construction, civil engineering works speci alizing in earthworks, infrastructure works, and seat development. The information for these two companies which are required for business performance is measurement by accounting ratios in income statements and balance sheets of the two companies.Ratio with formula(Profitability of company)Calculation for beginning(a) company(Gamuda Berhad)Calculation for second company(WCT Berhad)Gross Profit Markup(%)=Gross profit=2455143000-1580125000-363348000-8595000-19973000-19260000-40866000=RM422976000Cost of goods sold =1580125000+363348000+8595000+19973000+19260000+40866000=RM2032167000=20.81%Gross profit=RM354659000Cost of goods sold=RM4311943000=8.23%Gross Profit bound(%)=Net sales value=2455143000-0=2455143000Gross profit=2455143000-1580125000-363348000-8595000-19973000-19260000-40866000=422976000=17.23%Gross profit=RM354659000Net sales value=sales return in=4666602000-0=RM4666602000=7.60% run Profit Margin On Sales(%)=Net sales value=2455143000-0=2455143000operating(a) profit bef ore interest and taxation=259852000=10.58%Operating profit before interest and taxation=RM244145000Net sales value=sales return inwards=4666602000-0=RM4666602000=5.23%Profit Margin On Sales(%)=Net income available to common stockholders=280693000Net sales value=2455143000-0=2455143000=11.43%Net income available to common stockholders=RM147098000Net sales value=sales return inwards=4666602000-0=RM4666602000=3.15%Basic Earning Power=Operating profit before interest and taxation=RM259852000 sum total assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=2347737000+4203173000=RM6550910000=3.97%Operating profit before interest and taxation=RM244145000 marrow assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=RM1925297000+RM2553187000=RM4478484000=5.45%Return On hail Assets=Net income available to common stockholders=RM280693000Total assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=2347737000+4203173000=RM6550910000=4.28%Net income available to common stockholders=RM14709800 0Total assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=RM1925297000+RM2553187000=RM4478484000=3.28%Return On greenness Equity=Net income available to common stockholders=RM280693000 parking lot justice= banausic share capital + Reserves=2025888000+1231637000=RM3257525000=8.62%Net income available to common stockholders=RM147098000Common equity= reality share capital + Reserves + ploughshare tribute=388856000+369256000+492134000=RM1250246000=11.77%Ratio with formula(Liquidity of company)Calculation for 1st company(Gamuda Berhad)Calculation for 2nd company(WCT Berhad)Current Ratio=Current assets=RM4203173000Current liabilities=RM1930241000=2.181Current assets=RM2553187000Current liabilities=RM1807550000=1.411 harsh-test ratio=Liquid assets=Current assets Inventories=4203173000-79738000=RM4123435000Current liabilities=RM1930241000=2.141Liquid assets=Current assets- Inventories=2553187000-113709000=RM2439478000Current liabilities=RM1807550000=1.351Ratio with formula(Asset w ay of Company)Calculation for 1st company(Gamuda Berhad)Calculation for 2nd company(WCT Berhad)Inventory Turnover=Cost of goods sold=1580125000+363348000+8595000+19973000+19260000+40866000=RM2032167000Closing inventories or stock=RM79738000=25.49 propagationCost of goods sold=RM4311943000Closing inventories or stock=RM113709000=37.92 timesTotal Assets Turnover=Net sales value=sales return inwards=2455143000-0=RM2455143000Total assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=2347737000+4203173000=RM6550910000=0.37 timesNet sales value=sales return inwards=4666602000-0=RM4666602000Total assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=RM1925297000+RM2553187000=RM4478484000=1.04 timesDebtor Ratio=Debtor or receivables=RM1607772000 reference work sales=RM2455143000=0.651Debtor or receivables=1206971000+265684000=RM1472655000Credit sales=RM4666602000=0.321Day Sales Outstanding=Debtor or receivables=RM1607772000Credit sales=RM2455143000=237.25 days OR=0.65-365days=237.25 d aysDebtor or receivables=1206971000+265684000=RM1472655000Credit sales=RM4666602000=116.8 days or=0.32-365days=116.8 daysRatio with formula(Debts charges of company)Calculation for 1st company(Gamuda Berhad)Calculation for 2nd company(WCT Berhad)Debts Ratio=Total debts=total non-current liabilities + current liabilities=1312946000+1930241000=RM3243187000Total assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=2347737000+4203173000=RM6550910000=0.501Total debts=total non-current liabilities +current liabilities=1183958000+1807550000=RM2991508000Total assets=total non-current assets + total current assets=1925297000+2553187000=RM4478484000=0.671Debts Equity Ratio=Total debts=total non-current liabilities + current liabilities=1312946000+1930241000=RM3243187000Common equity=Ordinary share capital + Reserves=2025888000+1231637000=RM3257525000=11Total debts=total non-current liabilities +current liabilities=1183958000+1807550000=RM2991508000Common equity=Ordinary share capital + Rese rves + Share premium=388856000+369256000+492134000=RM1250246000=2.391Times Interest clear Or Interest Cover=Operating profit before interest and taxation=RM259852000Interest charge or cost=RM43813000=5.93 timesOperating profit before interest and taxation=RM244145000Interest charge or cost=RM50308000=4.85 timesRatio with formula(Market Value of Investment to Stockholders of Company)Calculation for 1st company(Gamuda Berhad)Calculation for 2nd company(WCT Berhad)Earnings Per Share=Net income available to common stockholders=RM280693000 takings of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital=2025888000 shares=RM 0.14Net income available to common stockholders=RM147098000 tour of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital=388856RM0.50=777712 shares=RM0.19Price Earnings Ratio=Market price per ordinary share=RM3.20Earnings per share=RM0.14=22.86 timesMarket per ordinary share=RM2.60Earnings per share=RM0.19=13.68 timesEarnings Yield=Gross earnings per share=10075 Rm0.14=0.187Ma rket price per ordinary share=RM3.20=5.83%Gross earnings per share=10075-RM0.19=0.253Market price per ordinary share=RM2.60=9.74%Market Price Per Book Value=Market price per ordinary share=RM3.20Net book value per ordinary share=Common equity / ordinary share in issue= Common equity=Ordinary share capital + Reserves=2025888000+1231637000=RM3257525000Number of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital=2025888000 shares==Rm1.61==1.991Market price per ordinary share=RM2.60Net book value per ordinary share=common equity / ordinary share in issueCommon equity=Ordinary share capital + Reserves + Share premium=388856000+369256000+492134000=RM1250246000Number of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital=388856RM0.50=777712 shares==RM1.61==1.611Profitability of companyGross profit markup, Gross profit margin, Operating profit margin, Basic earning power, and return on total asset of Gamuda Berhad is higher(prenominal) than the second company that is WCT Berhad. This indicates tha t the company was effective in controlling the expenditures. Besides that, for Basic earning power and Return on common equity, the starting time company is lower than the second company. This is because the ineffective use of assets and capital employed in business activities are at higher costs to reduce the take chroma and sales volume.Liquidity of companyThe current ratio and the Acid test ratio for the companies Gamuda Berhad is higher than the second company WCT Berhad because the has the Gamuda Berhad highest amount of current assets and also highest amount of liquid assets that can be used to finance its current liabilities so that the company has highest liquidity to finance its short-term liabilities and also got chances to face short-term liabilities financial problem.Asset Management of companyThe memorial turnover for the Gamuda Berhad is much lower than the WCT Berhad because Gamuda has a slow stock turnover in the business which kept in store was very belatedly taken out for resale, resulting large amount of stock accumulated to tie up currency, which were having poor inventory management. For total assets turnover, the first company is low than the WCT because the Gamuda has a lowest sales from the assets indicating that company was inefficiently using the assets in business. On top of that, debtor ratio and day sales outstanding of the first company is higher than the WCT because the company got longer credit time to pucker bills slowly from debtors so that the balance is stash away to tie up gold and thus, having poor management on debtor collection.Debts ManagementThe debts ratio for the Gamuda is less than the second company because the Gamuda got lower debts burden with little amount of debts and also military capability low interest cost to the available profit. Therefore, times interest earned for the Gamunda is much higher than the WCT because it has a bearing high interest charges to the available profit.Market value of in vestment to stockholdersEarnings per share and earnings yield for the Gamuda is less than the WCT which indicates that the company has less return in business profit , resulting lower net income available to each unit share , cosmos less attractive and lower value to the common stockholders. Due to lower earnings per share, stockholders lead to use to a greater extent times of profit earning, more times of net cash inflow and a longer period to recover back their share investment. Besides, the price earnings ratio for the Gamuda is higher than the WCT. Market price per book value for the Gamuda is higher than the WCT that shows the company share price has inequitably risen up above its real asset value or book value for not being realistic to the stockholders.ConclusionAs a conclusion, I en put like to choose WCT Berhad because this company has a better performance in the business and here are some goods points of this company. On top of that, the WCT berhad company also have t he highest Basic earning power and Return on common equity which is meant to sum up the production volume and sales volume at lower costs as well as to growth the profit earning. Other than that, WCT berhad also has the is highest Inventory turnover which indicates a riotous stock turnover where the goods purchased kept in store are devalued taken out for resale so that the stock is not accumulated and bills is not tied up with stock. Thus, the WCT berhad company did not face any short-term liabilities, and they are stable. The different firms using different financial policies which are also the comparison problems in inter firm.Question 2 commentFinancial markets are an composition for the people who are shortcoming of bills and want to borrow cash. Besides that, each financial market has different ways of financial methods in terms of its maturity and the asset financial support it. Different financial markets have different ways of serving customers and operate differen t types the country. Financial markets dissent from physical asset markets because it is called tangible asset markets or real asset markets to deal with the tangible and physical make up such as machinery, computer and another(prenominal) physical assets.Physical asset market and financial market can also work as the future day or side market. Future market defines as the deals being sold for on the future auction pitch at some future date such as a year into the future whereas the spot market is define as the deals is being bought on the spot delivery within a few days. There are legion(predicate) types of non-homogeneous in financial market for an example such as money markets, capital markets, mortgage markets, consumer credit markets, primal markets, secondary markets, initial public religious offering (IPO) market and last but not least cloak-and-dagger market.Money marketsMoney market is a market dealing with short-term financial methods. Money market methods are in clude avowers acceptance, mercantile paper, federal official broths, treasury bills, and highly liquid debt securities which memory boards are bestowed or borrowed for a short periods of less than one year. Money market is a segment of the financialmarket in which financial instruments with high liquidity and very short maturities are traded. The money marketis used by participants as a means for borrowing and confering in the short term, from some(prenominal) days to just under a year. Money markets do not have a fixed physical location. A money market origin is also called a mutual fund that empower in money market securities.Capital marketsFinancial market that works as a conduit for demand and supply of primarily long term debt and equity capital. It channels the money provided by savers and depository designs depones, credit unions, and insurance companies to the borrowers and investors by dint of a variety of financial instruments called securities. It transports the money that is provided by depository institution and savers to invest or borrow by choices of financial methods called securities. Capital market also runs as an interchange for trading existing that request on capital in the form of shares or stock.Mortgage marketsA market for loans to people and organizations acquire tight-lacedty a market for mortgages those has been bought by financial institutions and are then traded as asset backed securities. This arrangement testament sum up the transaction in commercial mortgage, multi-family residential mortgage, home mortgage and farm mortgage. The holders of mortgage including the lenders that both originate the investment and change them as assets, such as thrift institution, commercial banks and insurance companies as well as those institutions that gets the loans in the secondary market.Consumer credit marketsConsumer credit market is about a borrower uses any line of credit or loan to purchase goods services at the retail level . The cost of credit is the spare amount, over and above the amount borrowed, that the borrower has to pay. It includes interest, arrangement fees and any other charges. Consistently, consumer credit finances can be use at any asset that it go out minimize quickly and it is not use for investment purpose. Loans for education, vacation or cars are also examples of consumer credit. However, consumer credit does not include loans that are for real estate.Primary marketsPrimary market consists of the first bribeers and issuer of the issues. Investors who buy shares in a new security issue meant they are buying from the primary market. Besides that, investors who purchase bonds and stocks in the primary market normally are not refundable commissions because the fees for exchange the issue are built into its price and collected by the issue.Secondary marketsThis market in which the existing and already purchases a security or other financial assets are able to trade among the investor s after they have been issued by the institutions or corporation. Secondary markets is a market which investor buys a security from another investor rather than the issuer, the consequences to the original issue in the primary market is also called as aftermarket.Initial public offering (IPO) marketIPO is the first sale of stock to a company. Furthermore, the most common reason is by offering securities or shares to the public for the first time. The most difficult part of an IPO is to find out the proper price to initially proffer the new stock. If the price is too high, the buyers will not be interested but if its too low, the company will sacrifice a lot of money that might have been made if others are higher.Private marketPrivate markets in financial proceedings are worked out directly and privately between the two parties without going to the public where the transactions may be structured in any manner to those who appeals to the two parties. The three different ways for con veyance of titlering capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market are direct transferral from savers to borrowers, indirect transfer from savers to borrowers by dint of investment banking rest home and indirect transfer from savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary.Direct transfer from savers to borrowersDirect transfer takes place when an organization issues and sells its stock or shares immediately to the savers without passing through any other financial institution so that the organization as borrower immediately delivers its securities to the saver who in turn gives money to the organization. By this, the fund or capital is immediately transferred from savers to the organization or borrower. break through corporations securities to lineage Corporation - Savers(Borrower) (Money Lender) arrive capital of fund fromIndirect transfer from savers to borrowers through investment banking stomachThis takes place when investment underwrites the issuan ce of a cooperations securities and where the contributors bank serves as a middleman to facilitate the issuance by buying the securities of the organization and then resell the same securities of the organization to the savers so that the money paid by the savers for buying of organizations securities are passed by the investment bank and will be received by the organization which acts as borrower. figure Corporations Resell corporationsSecurities to Securities toBusiness Investment -Savers (MoneyCorporation Banking House Lender)Receive fund from Receive fund fromIndirect transfer from savers to borrowers through a financial intermediaryThis takes place when a financial intermediary also hold up as a bank or a mutual fund that is obtain fund that are from the savers and by issuing its own enfranchisement or securities of deposit to the savers. Then, the financial intermediary uses the fund that is collected from the savers to buy and to hold the securities of other company as c ontributors. In this case, the fund or the capital is transferred from the saver to financial intermediary when the saver has pay the money to the financial intermediary in interchange for receiving a certificate if securities or deposit issued by the financial intermediary. Therefore, the financial intermediaries will incredibly increase the efficiency of money and capital markets. This is shown in the following diagram Issue corporations securities toIssue intermediarys own securities toBusiness Corporation -Financial intermediary Savers(Borrow) (Money Lender) Receive fund from Receive fund fromInvestment banking houseThe investment banking house runs by buying all the new security issue from a company or organization at one price and selling the issue with a smaller unit to the investing public at a inadequate high price to cover the expenses of sale and earn a profit. The company or corporation that distributes and underwrites the new issue of business organizations securities to answer the organization to collect fund for financing.Financial intermediariesSince the financial intermediaries are usually very large and they have gain economies of scale in analyzing the creditworthiness of those borrowers potential in collecting and processing loans. There are many type or various in financial intermediaries and those are commercial banks, savings and loan associations, mutual savings fund, credit unions, pension bullion, spiritedness insurance companies and mutual bills.Commercial banksCommercial banks are totally different from investment banks because commercial banks, they lend out money to the borrowers whereas the investment banks, they assist business company to raise fund or capital from the savers.savings and loan associationsSavings and loan associations served residential and commercial mortgage borrowers where they likes to collect money or funds from those small savers and lend out this money to his house buyers or any other types of borrow ers.Mutual savings fundMutual savings fund and savings and loan associations are just about the same process because they also accept savings from individual savers and lend out the money on a long-term basis to his house buyers and consumers.Credit unionsThis is a cooperative association which members are supposed to have something in common, so that the association collects funds from members and then lend to other members who need money to finance their house mortgage, house improvement and railcar purchases.Pension fundsThis is a retirement plans that given by the organization or government agencies for their employee and administered primarily from the life insurance companies or the trust departments of commercial banks.Life insurance companiesLife insurance companies collect funds in the term of annual premiums and then invest back in to real estate, bonds, mortgages and shares, after that they will make their payments to the beneficiaries of the insured parties.Mutual fund sMutual funds will collect savings from those savers and then use the savings to buy shares, short-term debt and long-term bonds method

History Of Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

History Of sustainable teaching Environmental Sciences actDefinitions of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the incoming generations to meet their own needs. Balancing the fulfillment of hu art object needs with the resistance of the natural surroundings so that these needs can be met non only in the present, neverthe slight in the indefinite futureThe integrating of purlieual, economic and affectionate considerations as the key to ensuring we maintain our quality of manners and continue to create jobs, without compromising the integrity of the natural environment or the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.What is sustainable education?It is a establishment of resources to get military man needs while protecting the environment.So the man can have their needs not only present but also futureProblemsSustainable Development(As a solution)position for EngineersConclusionsComponent of SD outdoor(prenominal) Space Community Green Space Supports Walk able Urbani piss Drilled rise ups Dug wells Rainwater harvesting finished a system of cisterns and catchmentshttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ crudes/thumb/3/30/Rain_Water_storage.JPG/220px-Rain_Water_storage.JPGA 35,003 liter rainwater harvesting tank in KeralaWaste executive Recycling Use of landfill to power sewage treatment plantconstruction Materialsfilling Recycled fiberglass insulation ,Double-paned windowsInterior Products Energy Star appliances, bosom fluorescent light bulbs Countertops made of recycled materials glass, aluminum, paper, etc. RecycledSustainable Forms of Energy solar thrust Biomass energy Hydroelectric power wind energy of import targets of SD1. Educationsinking school drop-out rates below 10%2. distress / loving omissionat least 20 million good deal in the world are effected due to poverty and complaisant omission3. Employment75% of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed4. RD / modal valuernization3% of the EUs GDP (public and private combined) to be invested in RD/innovation5. Climate flip-flop / energygreenhouse gas emissions 20% (or even 30%, if the conditions are right) lower than 1990 20% of energy from renewable20% increase in energy mightat least 40% of 30-34-year-olds completing tierce level education6Aspects of Sustainable DevelopmentSocialEnvironmentalpoliticaleconomicalCultural7 Dimensions of Sustainable DevelopmentPrinciples of Sustainable DevelopmentDeveloping Human abilities people are at the core of teaching initiativesHolistic Science and Appropriate Technology the search for solutions to the complex surround of exploitation problems has to be undertaken with the perspective that situates specific problems in the erectr social and ecological context.Cultural, Moral and Spiritual Sensitivity nurturing the inherent strengths of local and autochthonous knowledge, practices and beliefs while respecting the cultural diversity, moral n orms and spiritual essence of Filipino beau mondeSelf-strength of mind Respecting the right and relying on the inherent capacity of the country and its people to decide on the course of their own progressNational sovereignty self-determination at the national level where the norms of order and the specifics of the local environmental science inform national governance. Includes human and environmental security as well as achieving and ensuring security and self-reliance in basic staple foods. sex Sensitivity recognizing the important and complementary roles and the empowerment of both men and women in developmentPeace, Order and National Unity securing the right of all to a peaceful and secure existenceSocial Justice, Inter- Intra-Generational and Spatial Equity ensuring social cohesion and harmony through and through equitable distribution of resources and providing the various sectors of society with equal access to development opportunities and benefits today and in the future democratic Democracy ensuring the participation and empowerment of all sectors of society in development decision-making and processes and to operationalize inter-sectoral and multi-sectoral consensusInstitutional Viability recognizing that sustainable development is a shared, collective and indivisible obligation which calls for institutional structures that are built around the spirit of solidarity, convergence and federation between and among different stakeholders.Ecological Soundness recognizing nature as our common heritage and thus respecting the limited carrying capacity and integrity of nature in the development process to ensure the right of present and future generations to this heritage.biographic Equity and Community-Based Resource Management recognizing that since communities residing within or most proximate to an ecosystem of a bio-geographic region will be the ones to most directly and instantly feel the positive and negative impacts on that ecosystem, they should be given prior claim to the development decisions affecting that ecosystem including management of the resources.Global Cooperation building upon and impart to the diverse capacities of individual nationsConclusionFor the development process of (social,economic and political)in the modern society,sustainable development is more applicable process. R D Planning, introduction,implementation/manufacturing,operations alimentationHISTORY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTThe first idea about sustainability is emerged during the seventies and1980s.The topic,How human behavior damage the environment and putting humans at risk is marked first in1972.In 1980 The International Union congeal the world conservation strategy for the conservation of nature with World anomalous life Fund and the UN Environment program,and released the idea of environmental protection in the self interest of the human speciesIn 1987,Brundtland commission released OUR COMMON FUTUTRE,a deal that cover ed the about the environment and poverty in many separate of the world.World attention on sustainability peaked at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro. It brought together the heads or senior officials of 179 governments, and included the macrocosm Summit, the largest-ever meeting of world leaders. Rio produced two international agreements, two statements of principles and a major action agenda on worldwide sustainable development.Sustainable conceptionwhat is Sustainable throw?The attitude of numbering physical objectives to build environment and agree to service mainly with social environmental and economic sustainability. speculationThe main target of the sustainable design is to remove widely, environmental collisions through skilled sensitive design.Manifestations of sustainable design bond the people with the environment,effecting the environment minimally,by requiring no non renewable resourcesBeyond the elimination of negative enviro nmental impact, in that respect must be projects that are meaningful innovations that can shift actions. A active balance between economy and society, planned to create long-run contact between user and object/service and lastly to be polite and mindful of the environmental and social differencesSustainable design principleshttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ jet/thumb/7/79/CalifAcadamyOfSciAug28-2008img0640.JPG/290px-CalifAcadamyOfSciAug28-2008img0640.JPGExamples -The California Academy of Sciences ,San Francisca,california, Its a sustainable building designed by Renzo PianoThere are whatever reasons ,While the practical purpose varies among disciplines,Low-impact materials choose non-toxic, sustainably produced or recycled materials which require little energy to processEnergy efficiency use built-up processes and produce products which require slight energyQuality and durability longer-lasting and better-functioning goods will have to be replaced less frequently, sinking th e impacts of producing replacementsDesign for utilise and recycling Products, processes, and systems should be planned for death penalty in a commercial afterlife.Design Impact Measures for total nose candy footprint and life-cycle assessment for any resource used are progressively required and available. Many are complex, but some give energetic and accurate whole-earth estimates of impacts. One measure estimates any spending as down an average economic share of global energy use of 8,000BTU (8,400kJ) per sawhorse and producing at the average rate of 0.57kg of CO2 per dollar (1995 dollars US) from vigour figures.Sustainable Design Standards and project design guides are also change magnitudely available and are vigorously being developed by a wide array of private organizations and individuals. There is also a large body of new methods emerging from the rapid development of what has be cope cognise as sustainability science promoted by a wide variety of educational and go vernmental institutions.Biomimicry redesigning industrial systems on biological lines enabling the constant reuse of materials in continuous closed cyclesService substitution shifting the mode of consumption from personal ownership of products to provision of services which provide same functions, e.g., from a private automobile to a carsharing service. Such a system promotes minimal resource use per unit of consumption (e.g., per trip driven).11Renewability materials should come from nearby (local or bioregional), sustainably managed renewable sources that can be composted when their usefulness has been exhausted.racy eco-design robust design principles are applied to the design of a taint sources).ApplicationsApplied fields.Sustainable architecture designSustainable landscapeSustainable graphic designSustainable agriculture designUrban designUrban planningEngineeringIndustrial designInterior designFashion designHuman Computer interactionSustainable design is the most important solution to global environmental damages. increment of human population, continuous development of economic activities decrement and failure of natural resources loss the ecosystems and loss of biodiversity.The Whole earth effected,increment of goods and services is consistently outpacing gains in efficiency due to the restrictions of sustainable design. As a result, the net effect of sustainable design to date has been to simply improve the efficiency of continuously increasing impacts. The present situation, that targets on the efficiency of delivering services and products is not a solution for this problem. The basic dilemmas contended the increasing complexity of efficiency improvements the difficulty of implementing new technologies in societies built around old ones that physical impacts of delivering goods and services are not localized, but are distributed throughout the economies and that the scale of resource use is outgrowth and not stabilizing.