Promote Professional Development Essay

The importance of continually providing knowledge and practice is to keep up with the constant changes that are happening all the time. Globalisation and technology have made changes in health and social care at a rapid rate. There has been a significant change in the way that care is being experienced and there are higher expectations in the quality of care. A more personal approach is required and accessibility to training resources ensures that we can all be the best in our job roles and in line with legal requirements. There are opportunities available now, thanks to technology advancements, to share responsibilities across the board, we have better access to other partnerships, training programs and can store more data than ever before and there are still developments every day. The importance of learning these developments is that we can change with the times and gain the new skills to improve the outcome for service users. The barriers to professional development require you t o look in more depth at yourself. Everybody has a different way of learning, someone may learn a lot quicker than someone else, so it’s important to try to see what ways you retain information best. Some people may learn from reading something over and over until it either makes sense or sticks with them. Some people may write down what they want to learn because it ingrains in there memory and some people may just listen to something and retain the information. It’s important to remember that what someone else might learn from a sentence may be more educational to them than if someone else was to read that very same sentence. Motivation can be another barrier; external factors can drive motivation and change behaviour like incentives to learn but internal barriers such as self-esteem, drive and desire can have an effect on professional development. An individual’s personal values, beliefs, attitudes and life priorities can impact significantly on the way people develop. Not having enough time to develop your skills or financial problems can be a big barrier to development. To get through these barriers, Support from peers, advice and mentoring may be required to h elp with individual developments. There are many different sources and systems to support professional development. At my organisation we have internal support which involves monthly supervisions with an advocate. We go through training  requirements, any training refreshment that need to be done; we go over policies and procedures and discuss our progress for professional development. We have training courses that cover every area of the care we provide and e-learning that all employees complete every 6 months, they are designed to refresh our training and inform us of new policies and procedures. You can also learn by working with more experienced colleagues and you can self-teach by reading text books and articles. You can develop your knowledge by using facilities such as libraries and learning resource centres and there is also formal support, colleague and university courses, internet courses, apprenticeships and government incentives. You can also use the policies and procedures put in place by your company to learn what is required and how to do things appropriately. There are so many factors to consider when selecting opportunities and activities for keeping knowledge and practice up to date. There would be no point in starting a course in child care if your real desire was to become a hypnotherapist. Financial issues could be problem, your organisation may cover learning costs or you may need to look into whether you are entitled to government help or whether you will be self-funding. Time requirements could be a problem and your level of commitment; maybe you are a single mother, who cannot get child care to attend night school. Another factor could be, does the opportunity or activity fit with your learning style?, You may learn better from practical activities or learn better from reading and writing, finding the right form of professional development is key to being successful. Be able to prioritise goals and targets for your own professional development In order to prioritise goals and targets for my own professional development, I look at the influences that have helped me to develop my performance so far and look at what my training has taught me and how it’s reflected in my work. I examine my strengths and weaknesses honestly and try to think about the way I practice in a constructive way. I have to evaluate myself by asking; How did I approach my work? Was my approach positive? How did the way I work affect the people I support? Did I work to the best of my ability? Which was the best aspect of my work? Which was the worst aspect of my work? Is there area’s that I can improve? What are they and how will I tackle them? In health and social care there are benchmarks and standards that I can use to measure my own ability against, like the ‘care quality commission standards’ and ‘codes of practice’. By comparing my work against these standards I can improve on the areas that I am failing in, by setting goals of what I need to learn and targets to complete it by. To prioritise my own development goals and targets, I have to think realistically about what is necessary for my job role at that moment, for example; if you are developing your communication skills and working towards building relationships and trust, you cannot plan a set strategy to produce trust and this can take time. But if you were developing your skills for independent living, encouraging accessing the community and shopping, this is something that is currently in my job role and could be a skill I can develop straight away. Making a plan to monitor each stage of developing skills will help me to see at what point something has not worked, for example; I am to Supporting Bobby with his shopping, but due to his mental health problems, he doesn’t feel comfortable being in a busy supermarket around lots of people. Putting a plan together with goals and targets will help to monitor Bobby’s progress; I could put a target in place to build Bobby’s confidence up enough so he can be in a supermarket. By recording this process and evaluating each step that it took to get him there, I improve my own skills and gain knowledge for any similar situations that may arise in the future. Be able to prepare a professional development plan To plan my own professional development with sources of support available to me, I will first have to arrange a meeting with my trainer and supervisor to identify the learning outcomes and objectives that I wish to achieve. We can then put a strategy together to meet these objectives and a time frame in which to complete them by and with their help and resources. When documenting evidence I will specify the duty, a goal, tools needed for reaching my goal and a completion date. I will then undertake the necessary educational activities, training and shadowing and collect more evidence for  my portfolio. I will review my progress at regular intervals with my trainer and supervisor to discuss any updates and get feedback on my development. My portfolio will contain evidence of records of attendance and the support that was given, highlighted areas of what I would have done differently, highlighted areas of successful care and certificates of achievements. I can also show in my portfolio, evidence of what has benefited my colleagues, i.e. protocols or guidelines that have been introduced because of things that I have learnt and feedback from colleagues on a job well done. I will show evidence of evaluating work that wasn’t done to the best of my ability and show evidence of what I have learnt to correct my work. I will put in my development portfolio evidence of any positive feedback, descriptions of new care plans made because of my positive changes, cards, letters or individual comments and positive audit results. This is an example of a plan that I would use for my own professional development. A service user I attend with learning difficulties needs a new wheelchair; the carers are finding it increasingly hard to push the service user around in the wheelchair for social visits. A healthy diet plan was encouraged but is not working as the service user lives independently, a wheelchair with a motor is needed to help the carers avoid any further injury and carry on supporting the service user to access the community. I have been allocated the responsibility to assist the service user pick a new wheelchair with a motor, I can use this opportunity to develop new skills and document and evaluate my progress. There are a few barriers to overcome so monitoring the effectiveness of my support will help to evaluate my performance and relay any significant information to fellow colleagues and others crucial support in their care, ultimately helping the service user in the future. The main barrier is the lady doesn’t like change; it worries her and makes her very anxious, when she is anxious she gets the medical condition hives. Her confidence will need to be built up over time. The goal is to help the lady pick a new motorised wheelchair for accessing the community only, she can continue with the wheelchair she is familiar with, and likes at home, but the goal is to find one that the service user is 100% happy and secure in, to prevent any further injures to carers and to keep the lady involved in her daily routines. The tools needed for succeeding with this duty is to have the families support, a risk assessment, a shop with accessibility and  understanding with this sensitive issue and support from my managers and any other active partners that support with the service users care needs. For evidence I would put in my portfolio the emails from the partnerships, my advocate and myself that detail, the support that is needed, with the evidence that I have been allocated to support with this. The email will also show my reply, for the request of informing all other carers to reassure her when necessary for when she gets anxious and upset. I would put in place a communication diary especially to deal with this task, firstly to monitor any upset behaviour and how my colleagues and I resolved it and secondly I could use it as evidence. I would keep a written account of how many trips to the shops and what her behaviour was like on each visit, I would record what helped keep her calm and feeling secure and record anything that failed and how we made it better. I would keep a medical record of any outbreaks of hives and how it was treated. I would have regular meetings with my advocate to get feedback, discuss updates, ask for any advice or help that I need and review the completion date. I would discuss attending training courses that could help me with addressing this situation to the best of my ability, like manual handling, first aid, communication skills and keep evidence of my achievements. I would finally add to my portfolio evidence of the service user (in line with confidentiality requirements) accomplishing this task, I would get evidence of how long it took to achieve and what the final outcome was. Be able to improve performance through reflective practice Models of reflection encourage a structured process to guide the act of reflection, there is no right model of reflection, but it is important to choose the one that you feel comfortable using and best assists you to learn from your experience. Sometimes it is appropriate to use one model of refection as a basis, but use prompt questions from other models if they suit your particular situation. I found Bortons Model of reflection easy to remember; therefor making it is easy to apply to an experience as it happens. What, So What, Now What, the simplicity of the model helps evaluate quickly and simply an experience but does not allow for specific details as opposed to Gibbs Model. Johns Model of reflection is based more on self-awareness and self-improvement. It allows you to analyse influencing  factors on your thoughts and behaviour, what triggers the behaviour and you can delve far more intimately into your feelings, opinions and judgements and intern how this affected who you are working with. This level of learning allows you to evaluate very deeply on all levels, morals, background, knowledge, self-awareness, past experiences and future practice, making this model of reflection by far more personal and a more appropriate model for self-improvement and self-development. The Kolb model is made up of 4 steps and learning can start at any of the steps at any time, there is no process. When a person carries out an action they can both, observe and reflect upon its underlying process and possible consequences. The action becomes open for analysis, concepts can be tested at further through new experiences in order to both validate and develop them further. Gibbs Model of reflection is a more descriptive model of Kolb’s and it also has a process in which to follow allowing for deeper analysis. Gibbs model gives you more a detailed structure in which to evaluate your experience, which is why I found it to be more widely used in the healthcare industry. The theory follows 6 steps of the model, and each step informs the next. I found that using Gibbs model and examining an experience in greater detail was very beneficial but found the Evaluation, Analysis and conclusion asked very similar questions which seemed to be a little repetitive. But Gibbs model challenged my assumptions more and allowed me to explore more ideas to promote self-improvement more than the other models. Of all the models of refection I have researched I found these 4 more beneficial to my learning and self-improvement and they even challenged what I thought I already knew. By using Gibbs Cycle as a basis and applying the descriptive evaluations of all the other models to the specific levels, I can examine myself in far more depth and improve my quality of work consistently. Reflective practice is thinking or reflecting on what you do, it is learning from an experience and teaching you evaluation skills to examine your actions and reactions. Thinking about what h as happened is part of being human but reflective practice differentiates between casual thinking and reflective practice, it requires a conscious effort to think about events and develop insights into them. Once you get into the habit of using reflective practice, it becomes a skill and you can develop it every day, in every type of situation. Feedback from others is a very important part of reflective  practice, as you cannot always see what your own faults may be or you may not want to hear what faults you have. Considering feedback as another opportunity to learn will develop your self-awareness and can start a process of change that will benefit anyone that you work with. For example, very early on in my healthcare career, I supported an elderly lady with learning disabilities, since her husband past away; she would get very lonely and ask to move a lot. Her social worker and advocate had taken her to see a few warden controlled apartments in a more communal building, but the lady did not like them and it gave her a bad experience of what she thought was available to her. I work in a few homes for elderly service users with learning disabilities and I invited my service user round for tea, so she could see a different kind of living situation, a house share that could be available. Whilst the trip was successful in the way that the lady now knew of a different living arrangement, at a meeting shortly after, that involved other healthcare providers for the service user, I acquired feedback from the ladies advocate that showed my own faults and issues that wasn’t within my capability to see. My intention had been misunderstood and Unknown to me the service user had wanted and was adamant, that a housemate was to move into her own home as she had a spare room; this was not a suitable situation for another vulnerable adult to move into because of the service user’s regular change of behaviour, and the house shares have a carer on duty at all times. If I had informed and attained advice on this situation it could have been dealt with in a different way. My lack of knowledge and understanding of how my actions could been seen as something different for a service user made me evaluate at what level I went wrong and how to rectify this problem so it is not an issue in the future. The advocate commended me on my thoughtfulness but advised certain aspects need to be considered when working with this particular service user. Trial and Error is always going to be a big part of my learning development, working with others there is always going to be the potential for harm, both physically and emotionally. It is imperative that practice changes as a result of these mistakes.

Coca-Cola Market Opportunity

The Coca-Cola Company has long been a worldwide business. The first soda fountain sales to Canada and Mexico were recorded in 1897 with the first international bottler established in Panama in 1906. Coca-Cola entered China in 1927 and the 100th country, Sierra Leone, in 1957. Today, the Coca-Cola Company is the largest beverage company with the most extensive distribution system in the world. In the first two decades of the twentieth century, the international growth of Coca-Cola had been rather haphazard. It began in 1900, when Charles Howard Candler, eldest son of Asa Candler, took a jug of syrup with him on vacation to England. A modest order for five gallons of syrup was mailed back to Atlanta. The same year, Coca-Cola travelled to Cuba and Puerto Rico, and it wasn't long before the international distribution of syrup began. Through the early 1900s, bottling operations were built in Cuba, Panama, Canada, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam (western Pacific island). In 1920, a bottling company began operating in France as the first bottler of Coca-Cola on the European continent. In 1926, Robert W. Woodruff, chief executive officer and chairman of the board, committed the company to organized international expansion by establishing the Foreign Department, which in 1930 became a subsidiary known as the Coca-Cola Export Corporation. By that time, the number of countries with bottling operations had almost quadrupled, and the company had initiated a partnership with the Olympic Games that transcended cultural boundaries. Coca-Cola and the Olympic Games began their association in the summer of 1928, when an American freighter arrived in Amsterdam carrying the United States Olympic team and 1,000 cases of Coca-Cola. Forty thousand spectators filled the stadium to witness two firsts: the first lighting of the Olympic flame and the first sale of Coke at an Olympiad. Dressed in caps and coats bearing the Coca-Cola trademark, vendors satisfied the fans' thirst, while outside the stadium, refreshment stands, cafes, restaurants, and small shops called ‘winkles' served Coke in bottles and from soda fountains. The company began a major push to establish bottling operations outside the USA. Plants were opened in France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Belgium, Italy, and South Africa. By the time the Second World War began, Coca-Cola was being bottled in forty-four countries, including those on both sides of the conflict. Far from devastating the business, the war simply presented a new set of challenges and opportunities for the entire Coca-Cola system. The entry of the United States into the war brought an order from Robert Woodruff in 1941 ‘to see that every man in uniform gets a bottle of Coca-Cola for 5 cents, wherever he is and whatever it costs the Company. This effort to supply the armed forces with Coke was being launched when an urgent cablegram arrived from General Dwight Eisenhower's Allied Headquarters in North Africa. Dated 29 June 1943, it requested shipment of materials and equipment for ten bottling plants. Prefaced by the directive that the shipments were not to replace other military cargo, the cablegram also requested shipment of 3 million filled bottles of Coca-Cola, along with supplies for producing the same quantity twice monthly. Within six months, a company engineer had flown to Algiers and opened the first plant, the forerunner of sixty four bottling plants shipped abroad during the Second World War. The plants were set up as close as possible to combat areas in Europe and the Pacific. More than 5 billion bottles of Coke were consumed by military service personnel during the war, in addition to countless servings through dispensers and mobile, self-contained units in battle areas. But the presence of Coca-Cola did more than just lift the morale of the troops. In many areas, it gave local people their first taste of Coca-Cola. When peace returned, the Coca-Cola system was poised for unprecedented worldwide growth. From the mid-1940s until 1960, the number of countries with bottling operations nearly doubled. As the world emerged from a time of conflict, Coca-Cola emerged as a worldwide symbol of friendship and refreshment. The Coca-Cola Company is now operating in more than 200 countries and producing nearly 400 brands; the Coca-Cola system has successfully applied a simple formula on a global scale: provide a moment of refreshment for a very small amount of money-a billion times a day. The Coca-Cola Company and its network of bottlers comprise the most sophisticated and pervasive production and distribution system in the world. From Boston to Beijing, from Montreal to Moscow, Coca-Cola, more than any other consumer product, has brought pleasure to thirsty consumers around the globe. 1. Trace the Internationalisation / Globalisation model of coco cola. 2. What were the Triggers & Motives for coco cola to global? 3. Why do you think coco cola was so successful despite the fact that ‘food & drinks’ preferences are highly local like in case of tea/ coffee?

Law on Torts in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law on Torts in Australia - Essay Example The law is clear on the fact that the defendant had no right to touch the person of the plaintiff as the defendant did not have any arrest warrant authorizing him to take Tom into custody.3 Upon refusal by the plaintiff to accompany the defendant to the police station, the defendant should have left the premises and proceeded to go and obtain a court order or a warrant of arrest that would have allowed him to take the plaintiff into custody for questioning4. The plaintiff could argue that the actions of the two defendants caused economic injury to his business as a result of their insisting on questioning him within the premises of Tom’s business property at the reception area in full view of his waiting customers. Hargrave v Goldman (1936) 110 CLR 40, 495 (Windeyer J). Tom can argue that the actions of the two officers had adversely affected his business by portraying him negatively in full view of the customers. Tom can also claim that his business suffered extensive loss as a result of the Defendant officer Derk detaining him for longer than was actually necessary at the police station even after he had questioned him for a reasonable duration of time without a warrant or court order authorizing him to do so.6 Causes of Court Action Available to the Plaintiff The Plaintiff can take several legal recourses against the defendants. In the case of Tom, the plaintiff versus Officers Derk and Falcon, the defendants, he can be able to sue the two for trespassing onto his property as was seen in the case of Adams v. State of New South Wales & ors (2001) New South Wales District Court.7 The law defines trespass as â€Å"Trespass is a tortious cause of action dealing with direct and intentional interferences to either the person, land or to goods.† Reynolds v Clarke (1725) 1 Str 634. They can be sued as a result of their refusal to leave the plaintiff’s property even after he had asked them to do so. The two defendants also went on to search the p laintiffs workshop without a warrant and are liable to be sued for conducting an illegal search as was in the case of Curran & ors v. Walsh & ors (1998) unreported, New South Wales District Court.8 In the case of The Plaintiff Tom Versus the defendant Officer Falcon, the plaintiff can sue the defendant for trespass on his person. By placing his hand on the plaintiff’s shoulder, the defendant had directly and deliberately caused there to be physical contact between his person and the plaintiff’s person without the consent or the legal justification to do so and hence was liable to be sued.9 In the case of the plaintiff, Tom versus the defendant, officer Derk, the plaintiff could sue for economic damages sustained as a result of the officer retaining him for questioning at the police station for too long. In the case of â€Å"Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge â€Å"Willemstad† [1976] HCA 6510† Caltex were able to recover damages for the economic l osses they suffered without having suffered any actual physical damage.11 Tom was unnecessarily detained for questioning irrespective of the fact that the plaintiff had come to the station on his

Week 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Week 3 - Assignment Example Transistors came to replace the huge vacuum tubes in radios, computer and other electronics. An integrated circuit commonly referred to as the IC was developed by Jack Kilby of the Texas Instruments. The IC consisted of tiny transistor put together (Natarajan, 60). They were efficient and small in size thus saving space. Machine speed was increased due to the reduced distance making the electrons to travel faster. 1950s set a platform for advancement in computer that would be observed into the 1960s and the 1970s (Elleithy, 103). It also marked the start of rapid electronic change that is felt up to current. The past twenty years have recorded a rapid growth in computer technology, think of the smart devices available, think of cloud computing. All this have had an impact on our economic and social life. Information will dictate future power. Many believe that power is vested in information. The advancement has resulted to a revolution in artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and quantum physics. In the next thirty years or so, the advances will impact our lives and work. Ideas of virtual reality such as ones shown on movies like Matrix will probably come true in the decades ahead (Francisco, 212). Nanotechnology will assist scientists to develop microchips, logic gates and electrical conductors. One atom will be used to build chips. Advance computers will be generated such as electronic nanocomputers, biochemical and chemical nanocomputers, mechanical nanocomputers and quantum nanocomputers. Artificial intelligence is a computer science branch that aims at making computer to have the behavior of humans (Francisco, 218). It involves computer programming. Computer will be capable of making real situations of life through expert systems. Computer will understand the language of humans through natural language. Through robotics, computer will be able to hear, see and react to sensory stimuli (Elleithy, 241).

Ancient chinese civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Ancient chinese civilization - Essay Example From the novel The Three Kingdoms, we see that the Chinese society around that period greatly valued loyalty as a strong virtue that bounded together two or more people who had the same ambitions and mission. Loyalty was so important during this age such that there were vows which were cited either in secrecy or at a very serene place. The first instance when loyalty was displayed was when the three brothers came together in fraternity to bind themselves in a code of honor that greatly guided their future actions and also kept them strong even when they were on the brink of dying. The oath was a very important symbol of unity and loyalty to one another as their words suggested i.e. â€Å"we three Lui Pei, Kuan Yu and Chang Fei, though of separate birth, now bind ourselves in brotherhood, combining our strength and purpose to relive the present crisis (Lo Kuan-Chung & Moss Roberts, page 9)†. Loyalty was basically what the leadership in China was based on. Every leader throughout the novel, the three kingdoms, demanded that of all their subjects as there was always an imminent attack on them by those who were dissatisfied by the leadership. We see those loyal to the throne being treated well and showered with gifts so that they continue being loyal and expose those they suspected of disloyalty. Disloyalty was a serious offence not tolerable in the Chinese society during this period and any slight sign of disloyalty normally led to nothing less than execution. This punishment as if not severe enough, would be followed by the execution of the ‘traitor’s’ whole house hold. There are many cases where this was evident, for instance in the case where Ts’ao Ts’ao realized of the plot to kill him, he first apprehended Ping and tortured him for days. Thereafter he went on to arrest the other six conspirators, including Tung Cheng. They were all executed together with their household (women and children alike) bringing the

The Invention of the Perspective In the Renaissance Essay

The Invention of the Perspective In the Renaissance - Essay Example The first 'book' refers to the 'diminution of plane surfaces' (6), the second explains the trial of ' diminution of square bodies' and those having a number of faces positioned at right angles to the planes'(7) and the third one 'the diminution of bodies' (8), that seems more difficult to realize. Analyzing Francesca's different ways of perspective, Kim Veltman notices 'geometrical proportion using diagonals' (9) a 'surveying type using a rod or a plane' (10) and 'a diagonal' (11) to determine the distance. There are also new 'perspective views' considered by Francesco in his book 'The Geometrical Method' ,these were basically used in the context of pavements, ceilings, facades and buildings and. He also used 'The Window Method' that had more elaborate details and was represented in architecture. Duccio di Buoninsegna was an Italian painter (1278-1319) who demonstrated the use of perspective in architectural forms. His style seems to be different in his tendency of giving his figures more volume. His 'perspective 'infuses elements from Byzantine style with more dramatic scenes and specific figures. In his 45 panels representing scenes from the Bible and saints he inspired from primitive Christian style regarding the outlines of figures, gestures, and clothes. In this way he tried to create a more natural visual impression. His art of 3 D perspective created a special spatiality, a type of 'breathing space' (17) around the persons and objects. The artist used a special technique of registering in his paintings intricate details (for example

Democratic Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Democratic Theory - Essay Example Such a philosophy places a high value on the equality of individuals and would free people as far as possible from restraints not self-imposed. It insists that necessary restraints be imposed only by the consent of the majority and that they are conventional to the principle of equality. In Athens, the citizens participated directly in making their laws. The Greek system of government was perhaps closer to a true democracy or rule by the people than any other history. Their civilization was broken down to into small city-states, and all the men voted on all issues of government. It was almost a total democracy except for the fact that women and slaves were not considered citizens and were not allowed to vote. The Greek system of democracy was ruled by a body of nine elected officials whom they called archons. These men who were aristocrats lead the government and had supreme control over all of the decree and criminal accusations in Athens. Problems took place when aristocrats became jealous of one another and rivalries developed under the early stages of Athenian democracy. The democracy of Athens was used in many ways other than it was designed for. It was abused by many rulers of that time. They were concerned with their own personal growth and because of their greed and selfishness they made laws and codes that would benefit their own personal gain. Perhaps they didn't get everything quite right for their time and place but they got enough right and there was enough contract to change with changing circumstances so that their civilization with all its arts and sciences succeed for 200 years until events, in the form of Alexander the Great, overcame them. Democracy in Middle Ages Though democracy was not directly instituted in the Middle Ages, many democratic ideas were ubiquitous throughout the period. Because Christianity, which taught that men were created equal in the eyes of God, was deeply entrenched into the society of the middle ages, the democratic idea of equality was understood by many people. However, the middle ages utilized another form of government, which was developed during this period called feudalism. Feudalism stressed that all people have certain rights and developed a system of courts to defend these rights. From these courts came the modern day judicial branch of the American government along with many of the ideas such as king councils, assemblies and eventually parliamentary systems. Thomas Hobbes Theory One of Hobbes theory is the State of Nature. To establish these conclusions, Hobbes invites us to consider what life would be like in a state of nature, that is, a condition without government. Perhaps we would imagine that people might fare best in such a state, where each decides for himself how to act, and is judge, jury and executioner in his own case whenever disputes arise-- and that at any rate, this state is the appropriate baseline against which to judge the justifiability of political arrangements. Hobbes terms this situation "the condition of mere nature", a state of perfectly private judgment, in which there is no agency with recognized authority to arbitrate disputes and

Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Discussion Question - Assignment Example Southern people feared that the North would gain strength and push abolition of slavery. The regional conflict between the North and South affected the political environment. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 saw the Northerners getting from the Union and formed a new slave state called Missouri while Maine became a slavery-free territory. The stands of North and South on slavery also influenced the compromise of 1850 that gave rise to doctrine of states’ rights (Brands, Breen, Williams & Gross, 2012). Both divisions were pushing for a state that would have equal leaders from slave and Free states. However, the compromise led to a bigger conflict that divided the two regions even further than in the beginning. Anti-slavery call inspired Abraham Lincoln rise to presidency. The North backed his candidacy because his victory would automatically impose their will on South. The Southern states did not have him on the ballot, but he won and brought moderate rule on slavery. The Southern states believed that Lincoln was against them. However, Lincoln did not have plans of violating doctrine of states’ rights in a bid to deal with the tension between the North and the

Contract Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Contract Law Master - Case Study Example This was also the case in Goedecke v Kirwan1where the Court found that an agreement on price was a necessary term of offer and acceptance; hence no final, enforceable contract existed since price had not been agreed upon. Thus Hilary may have some rights under the option, but they may not be fully enforceable. In the case of Barack, he seeks re-possession of his flat. Under the option clause in the agreement, Barack may not have the automatic right to reposses the flat, when there is an option available to the lessee to continue. In the case of Butts v O'Dwyer2 a similar situation arose, where there was an option to purchase the lease property subject to fixing of a price by the third party. In this instance, the Court concluded that it could correctly be said that the complete was incomplete until the price was fixed. The existence of the option indicated that the owner had an obligation to do everything in his power to ensure that the price was fixed through the third party. This is applicable in Hillary's case, since Clauses 5(d) and 17(b) lay out the procedure for fixing of the price in the event an agreement cannot be reached between the parties. ... at Hillary seeks, it may nevertheless place an obligation upon Barack to take necessary steps to ensure that the incomplete term in the contract, i.e, the price is fixed. In the case of Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld)Pty Ltd3 the situation was very similar to Hilary and Barack's case. In this case, the Court specifically stated that Booker (the lessor in this case) had "no grounds for refusing to discharge its obligation" to appoint an arbitrator merely on the grounds that the rental price was not fixed4. It clearly explained that when specific terms on the appointment of a third party have been set out in the original contract, then it no longer remains as a contingent obligation to be performed first before the ultimate obligation, i.e, re-renting the place can be completed. Since the existing option becomes operation on the day of expiry of the earlier lease, once it has been exercised, it is no longer a "conditional or contingent" obligation5. On this basis, the lessee was entitled to specific performance. Applying this precedent in Hillary's case, it appears that Booker may need to perform his obligation to appoint an arbitrator so the price can be fixed, after which the ultimate obligation, i.e, another lease term can also be accomplished. It must also be noted however, that Clause 4(b) states clearly that the option must be exercised "no later than 2 months prior to the expiration of the initial or previous term". In Hillary's case however, the option has been exercised after this period has expired, therefore there is a possibility that her right to exercise her option may no longer be valid, in which case Barack will not be obliged to perform his obligation to secure a rental price. Part B: The question of whether or not Huckabee has a

APPLIED DATA MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

APPLIED DATA MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Focusing on this aspect, the research aims at addressing data management problem of S&R Consultants. For about 30 years, the organisation has grown steadily in home (i.e. Australia) and overseas nation. However, with the increase in business issues regarding data management frequently becomes a great challenge for the S&R Consultants. In such condition, the use of web content management system (WCMS) would be beneficial for S&R Consultants. However, as it is a new technology, WCMS is characterised by several non-technical issues, which must be considered before implementing the new technology. Purpose of the Research Based on the use of WCMS in S&R Consultants, the research intends to explore how it can be proved beneficial for the organisation. Besides the purpose of undertaking the research is to generate features and facilities of WCMS, which can fulfil the requirements of S&R, to recommend certain criteria to compare and choose apparent WCMS, to provide recommendations to the boa rd of directors of S&R Consultants about steps required to select and implement WCMS and about website management policies for proper integration of website into the business operations. Rationale for Selecting WCMS The rationale for selecting WCMS is that it can allow S&R Consultants to rapidly react with the business situation and to make important materials available on website. Besides, WCMS is much effective in updating latest information without assistance of technical experts. In S&R Consultants, WCMS might assist in making different workflows more efficient than before, because it can provide timely publication of contents and also ensure that those contents are satisfactorily revised before publication (The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2008). Target Audience of WCMS In order to ensure that the WCMS is kept relevant, there must be clear idea about the target audience. Target audience can help to understand the key prerequisites of WCMS system an d therefore can support S&R Consultants to make decisions regarding useful contents. Besides, target audience also allow for developing proper investment strategy for development of website (Perriss & et. al., 2006). Since, the website of S&R will be a private website the key audiences will be the existing clients and other prospects who desire to obtain services from the organisation. Features and Facilities of WCMS WCMS can provide the following features to S&R Consultants: Document Management System: WCMS is intended to manage and store internal organisational data and corporate information. It helps in document workflow and interpretation of data. Electronic publishing: WCMS tools are developed for supporting online publishing of news and other reports, which are essential for key stakeholders. WCMS enable simple workflow and quick publication of contents. E-commerce facility: WCMS also authorises e-commerce through enabling online shopping and electronic relationship management for S&R Consultants (Browning & Lowndes, 2001). WCMS provides three core facilities for S&R Consultan

Economics Essay Example for Free

Economics Essay The study of construction, allocation, and expenditure of goods and services has been incorporated in the social science that has been referred as Economics. In the year 1932, one of the economists Lionel Robbins presented a definition of economics that has been appreciated by a number of economic organizations around the globe. Under this definition, the ends and limited means create a connection with each other, which has been observed as a human behavior. Such behavior is studied by a branch of science that has been referred as economics. A notion has been accepted by almost all the economists around the world that the wants and needs of humans cannot be satisfied by the available resources that are scarce as compared with the needs of the human race. However, available resources can be used alternatively, which can result in the reduction and elimination of economic problems. In this regard, when the different choices available to human race for the fulfillment of the wants and demands are studied, the process has been recognized as economics. In addition, various types have been created during the classification of economics, which are as follows: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics †¢ Constructive economics and Normative economics †¢ Conventional economics and Unorthodox economics Our society entails different processes, actors, and relationships that work together for the proper functioning of the economic system, in order to create equilibrium in the demand and supply of the products and services around the globe. Nowadays, religion, politics, law, education, sociology, etc. have incorporated the economic analysis in its fields too, which has changed the perspective of role of economics in present world. Economy As earlier mentioned in the paper, the diverse processes of production, substitution, distribution, and utilization of goods and services results in the conception of a comprehended system of human activities, that has been referred as economy of a particular country or region. In addition, a number of factors are responsible for the composition of economy in a particular country. In this regard, some of the related factors are the scientific advancement that has changed the perspective of an economy. Nowadays, social organizations with respect to geography and ecology have integrated the utilization of economic policies and theories in its activities. In terms of products and services, the progress of a particular country is represented by its economy, which is indicated by its gross domestic product, rate of unemployment, inflation, and several other factors that are associated with the economy. (Parkin, 2004) Greek were the first ones to integrate the word economy in their daily household activities. In economic perspective, the management of economic affairs was referred as economy in the year 1440. Until the nineteenth or twentieth century, concept of a separate economic system of a particular country was not developed, as it is used currently in most parts of the world. Macroeconomics When the study of performance, structure, and behavior of economy and economical factors is considered on a national or regional level, such study has been referred as macroeconomics. The study of macroeconomics has been considered one of the major studies in terms of understanding the economy of a country along with microeconomics that considers the study of similar factors, but on an individual scale. As earlier mentioned, different economy-related functions, such as unemployment rates, GDP, price inflation, etc. are studied aggregately by the macroeconomists. (Wilson, 2003) Moreover, the abovementioned factors create relationships that are explained by the development of different models by the macroeconomists. Some of the detailed factors that are analyzed by the macroeconomists other than usual factors like GDP, unemployment rate, etc. are the international finance, international trade, consumption, national output, etc. On the contrary, the actions and activities of individual persons are primarily focused by the microeconomics. Some of the examples of considered individuals are firms, consumers, etc. (Bofinger, 2001) While there is a broad range of studies in the branch of macroeconomics, the discipline has been represented by two major areas of research. These two areas are quite contrary to each other, as one considers the short-run fluctuations in the national income, and endeavors to understand and analyze the different causes and consequences of the same. On the other hand, the second area has considered the study of economic growth based on long-run fluctuations. In this regard, macroeconomics plays a vital and crucial role in facilitating governments, as well as, large companies to understand the economic flexibility for the investors, as well as, for the different forecasts that result in the fluctuations of the exchange market. Policies In order to stabilize the economy of a county, different economic policies are considered by the government that are implemented and adjusted according to the requirements of a country. By the successful implementation of such policies, different economic shocks like the great depression, inflation, deficit budget, etc. are avoided and reduced by the government. It has been believed by most of the governments that economic stability and growth is continued and maintained by the successful adjustments of these policies. In this regard, two types of strategic policies have been observed for the economic management of a country. The two types of such policies are fiscal policy and the monetary policy. In this paper, we will try to define, discuss, and analyze the role of monetary policy in the economic growth and stability of a country. Moreover, we will try to determine the effects of monetary policy on the different macroeconomic factors that have already been mentioned in the paper. Monetary Policy Since the beginning of economic system in the United States, the monetary policy has played a vital role and crucial role in the sustained growth of economic factors in the country. In the past, gold and tobacco were considered as some of the valuable assets for the barter trade. Subsequently, technological evolution resulted in the value of debit and credit cards that are now being used in different parts of the globe. It has been observed that different sectors associated with human lives have developed with the help of effective policies in the United States. In the past, paper currencies were introduced in the country by the Continental Congress, which was quite an innovative step in the advancement of the monetary system of the country. Moreover, coinage was also introduced in the country by the policymakers that modified the perspective of economic system of the United States. (Clapham, 2007) As earlier mentioned in the paper that significant improvement and advancement has been shown by the monetary system of the United States, which has been possible due to the endeavors of different policymakers responsible for the creation of effective monetary policy in the country. However, the historical facts have shown that the creation of monetary policies has confronted a number of controversies during the early years that used to portray the monetary system as a decentralized system. On the other hand, the monetary system of the United States has now present itself as a more centralized system with some of the very effective monetary policies of all the time. Moreover, some of the other factors are responsible for the slow development of economic system is the specifications of banking power that created many doubts due to monetary policies that used to present a decentralized perspective of the system. Specifically, federal government has played a critical role in the reduction and elimination of abovementioned doubts and confrontations that has lead to the sustained growth of the monetary system of the United States. (Rabin, 2002) Alternatively, the beginning years of the economic system of the United States have been contributed prominently by the critical and vital role of gold. However, the policymakers of monetary policy are giving less significance to the gold assets that used to be one of the major components of the monetary policy in the country. Specifically, the non-existence of gold in the exchange market has resulted in the reduction of its importance. In the previous decades, gold was used as a medium of exchange that has been taken by the credit cards and paper money. In this regard, the functioning of gold in the creation of monetary policies has altered at a greater extent due to the modern and complex economy in the country. In the earlier economic years of the United States, economists were very confused and perplexed in the decision-making related to the creation of different economic policies in the country. At this moment, the framers of the U. S. Constitution played a significant role in the reduction of this confusion. However, some of the framers resulted in arguments that provided little difficulties to these framers. It was observed that the federal government was preferred as the deserving candidate for the monitoring of fiscal and monetary policies, as well as, their implementation in the economic system of the country. Therefore, creation of a centralized system with the abovementioned authority to the federal government was preferred by most of the economists. In this regard, the policymakers considered the creation of a national currency, as well as, a chartered bank that may be the authoritative body for the distribution of such currency in different states of the country. On the other hand, the creation of monetary policy and development of an effective monetary system was slowed down due to some members of policymakers that supported a decentralized monetary system including the provision of powers to individual states in the country. During this period, a wave of argument and rejection was flowed in the country that tensed the situation. However, the majority of the economists and policymakers advocated the Federal government as the only authoritative body for the issuance of paper money in the country, as well as, the only monitoring body related to the implementation of fiscal and monetary policies in the country. (Walsh, 2003) During the Revolutionary War, the mainstream of the policymakers opposed the utilization and supply of paper money in the country. One of the reasons of such arguments was the awful experiences during this war that were confronted by the government. Subsequently, this argument accelerated into higher distress to the government during the year 1775, as the war expenses were out of the reach of government’s budget. In addition, the obstructions by the British forces added the difficulties and limited the alternative ways of controlling the economic condition of the country. In the result, a modification in the monetary policy resulted in the step of Continental Congress that issued around two million dollars of Continental currency in different parts of the country. In detail, more than two hundred million dollars of such currency was issued by the Congress in the short period of only twelve years. (Brue, 2005) During this period, the holders of the abovementioned currency were assured that exchange of gold or silver will be appropriately arranged by the government. However, the government assets were not equipped with such high amount of gold reserves, which resulted in the adverse effects on the economy of the country. (Ursprung, 2004) In the result, the colonies confronted high rate of inflation due to the lack of planning of the Congress during the issuance of the currency. Consequently, destabilization of the economy was observed in the country, and abrupt reduction was observed in the currency. During this phase, situation of uncertainty in the currency was facilitated by the policymakers that advised the declaration of notification of crime, when the exchange of Continental currency was refused by any individual or bank in the country. Subsequently, the policymakers came to a decision that preferred the establishment of Bank of the United States. Once again, some of the policymakers and economists argued the authority of the Congress in terms of allowing the creation of a chartered bank or the issuance and supply of paper money in the country. In the result, the concept of creation of chartered banks took a long time, as long debates were observed in this respect. Conversely, the supply of national currency by the chartered bank of the Federal government was proposed by one of the prominent economists and policy makers, Alexander Hamilton. In the end, Justice John Marhsall declared the legal establishment of the Second Bank of the United States. (Dickinson, 2002) In the year 1913, the Federal Reserve System was established that increased the effectiveness of role of the monetary policies in the country. The reserve banks in different states of the United States were monitored by the abovementioned system. In the result, the Federal Reserve was able to maintain the supply of elastic money in the country. The changing economic conditions of the country created a comparative relationship with the money that has been one of the reasons of its referral as elastic money. In the year 1914, gold certificates, as well as, gold reserves were utilized during the World War I that consequently reduced the value of gold in the country. However, still, many banks in different parts of the globe facilitate international transactions in an effective manner due to the utilization of gold reserves and assets. (Wessels, 2006) As earlier discussed in the paper, gold has not been largely involved in the creation of modern monetary policy in the country. In the year 1968, promise of repayment in gold was cancelled by the United States, which resulted in the controlling of money supply by the Federal Reserve, which was responsible for the creation and adjustments of monetary policy in the country. Relevant measures of money supply have been a usual part of economic debates. Nowadays, money supply has become easy and convenient due to the different options of savings account, credit cards, etc. Moreover, monetary policymakers have provided the opportunities of mutual funds, term deposits, etc. in the broader money supply in the country. Still, implementation and different effects of monetary policy on the macroeconomic factors are considered by the policymakers. It has been observed that considerable effectiveness has been shown by the introduction of restrictive monetary policy. On the other hand, an economic downturn, as well as, reduction in the inflation was observed due to the implementation of monetary brakes during the high inflation period in the 1980s. Therefore, different components of monetary policy play a crucial role in the growth and stability of the economy. In addition, the activities of domestic, as well as, foreign investors are the result of effective monetary policy in the country. Currently, the effective implementation of different monetary policies has played a vital role in the accomplishment of a healthy economic system in the United States. It was discussed in the paper that the policymakers of monetary policy confronted a number of difficulties during the creation of a centralized monetary system in the country. In the past, the paper discussed that gold and silver played a crucial role in the different economic transactions and creation of monetary policies. However, the money supply and the incorporation of central banking has resulted in the low unemployment rate, high gross domestic product, which has created an effective monetary system and continued monetary development in the country. Conclusively, the paper has discussed and analyzed the historical evolution of monetary system of the United States effectively.

Strategic Management and Business Planning

Strategic Management and Business Planning In this essay, need to describe the strategy of the organization first, which is the main point of understanding about the organisation that the organisation is having what kind of planning regarding the political, economic, social and technological situations. Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over long-term. Nowadays this is the competitive business environment in which we need to do planning in a large scale. The firm should be engaged in strategic planning which defines the objectives, progress and implementation of strategy and should make adjustments as to stay on track. The selected organization McDonalds has the strategy to provide fast food to their customers and satisfy them by providing high quality food and good clean environment to enjoy it. The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for analysing and understanding all sorts of business and organizations terms and situations. The SWOT analysis stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The SWOT analysis provides the framework to review the strategy, direction and position of the company or an organization, or any other idea. The SWOT analysis can be use for the business strategy, business planning, marketing, competitors evaluation, business and product development and research reports. The first two factors, Strength and Weaknesses are the internal factors and concerned with the organization and the other two factors, Opportunities and Threats are the external factors which are largely identified by the PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis measures the businesss market according to the external factors; Political, Economical, Social and Technological, Environmental and Legal. The PESTEL analysis is more helpful and external factor as compare to the SWOT analysis. The PESTEL analysis is a useful measurement tool for understanding the external environment of the company and market growth or decline which shows the direction of the business whether it is growing or declining. A commonly used and a valuable technique of research is PESTEL analysis which divides the overall environment of an organization into four areas such as political, economical, social and technological. It provides the environmental factors to tackle the problems through public relations techniques which effecting the organization. This analysis helps to find out or identify the issues which affect the organizations political, economic, social and environmental angles. The PESTEL analysis is the brainstorming technique. Brainstorming is the group of the people which is the powerful technique. It creates the new ideas, motivates and solves problems; it gets a team working together. In this case, the group of people decide and define the objective and agree on the issue then they put their brainstorming ideas and suggestions on it in a time limit. Afterwards, they categorise and combine their ideas. They focus their efforts in achieving best results whether their ideas will b successful and beneficial for their organization or not. The brainstorming group of people access and analyse effects and suppose the results on the basis or their decision. They first allocate the options for running the organization and rank the list as it is appropriate. They first demonstrate the prior options to get the best results step by step. The brainstorming group agree the options and timescale in which they have to do their tasks and activities. Brainstorming enables the people to suggest their ideas randomly and the people should encourage everyone to participate and prevent others to contribute in the mission or goal. During the random collection of ideas the facilitator must record all suggestion on the flip chart. All the participant agree the actions and take decision what the next action should be. They agree a timescale and whos responsible. After the session they monitor all the task and at the end give feedback. The organizations do not exist in the hidden thing. They operate within a competitive business environment. In the organization, the business related people analyse its competitors not only enable the organization to identify the strengths, weakness .opportunities and threats of their own organization to compare their organization with their competitors to compete and analyse the situation of the business. SWOT analysis is the way of analysis to analyse the factors and the strategy or planning of the organisation. McDonalds is the most famous and largest company in the world. It provides the fast food for the busy customers those who dont have time to cook at home and they dont have interest to make food. McDonalds is the most busiest store which is also famous that they provide good clean environment and all other facilities like WI-FI connection, newspapers, facility to get chance to meet new people. There are 40 million customers are visiting McDonalds (Mchowr, 2010). It has over 30,000 branches in 120 countries (Nelson, 2010). From most of the countries, McDonalds get its revenues. The bigger image of this food chain was creating the concept of fast food in the world. The core strengths of the McDonalds are the speed, customer care and cleanliness. They created a highly successful quality of food and services to the customers and created a logo and advertised their brand image to the millions of the customers. McDonalds have two main competitors which are KFC and Burger king. Its marketing strategy is concerned with internal and external resources and environment. The main concentration of the company is to satisfy their customers by providing the good quality food and fast servic e. There are some factors which are consider as the strengths of the company but they also become the weaknesses of the company if we observe performance. Customer change their mind with the passage of time and according to the demand of advance culture or all requirements. So McDonalds try to advertise and promote the new types of brands every month. The new promotions are for the time being and for the limited time period. Moreover they maintain their standard by providing the good service the huge quality fast food. If the quality service is not good in the store then it effects the whole brand of the organisation. The main purpose of organisation is to achieve their goal. McDonalds has been chosen their target very carefully. In the case of McDonalds the targeted audience are the kids. Here , the health conscious women and the senior people should be preferable to concern about the target audience but the target was kids and kids grown up to become adults so the most preferable and helpful target was kids. This helped in the popularity of the McDonalds but the major change related to health related product was on the demand of the customers as required the needs of todays trend so that is why, it has decreased the popularity of McDonalds. These all are external weaknesses of the company. The internal factors of the company also affect its performance. McDonalds at one stage concentrated the growth of the business at the higher level to make a position in the market to b stable and the main focus of the company was maintenance, growth and Research and Development (RD). One major threat of the McDonalds is the relationship with the management and franchise dealers which can be difficult for the organization as a whole and the organizations strengths help out to overcome the strength because the strength is the back bone of organization if it goes down the whole system will collapse. McDonalds is trying to recover all the weaknesses. Using internet system it is easy to communicate and use the systematic process to improve their service. These latest technologies help to prevent the new issues in the market. These are the issues for the improvement of the company. Companies develop their strategies and having the competitive advantages. These are depend on the firms ability. It creates the better economy and economic value in the market. Some companies have their brand name and are very famous in the globe. Michel Porter (1990) proposed a modal that called the National diamond modal. It identifies four characteristics related to the firm, its strategy and all the environment. Porters modal has the proper way to describe how the company and it competitive have shapes and how they can cope with these. Among the countries , this analysis shows the differences in the system. These system may be environmental and can be business environment. Particularly, this modal is based on the premise that government can play an active and constructive role to maximize the level and growth of the nations living standard. In which economic role of the company is idealistic. National characteristic divide into two factors macro-level and micro-level. Macro-level factors are institutions like the political, legel and market systems and government policies to support businesses. Micro-level factors have the ability of nation company to grow up and get the awareness of competencies and competitive strategies that how can make a strategy to achieve their goal successfully. The companys best strategy and planning make the company successful and role model in the business world. This model has the significance effect on the business market. This framework helps the company to make the best plan and strategy to get better result to make a position in the market. The basic thing of competition in an industry is affected by the Porters diamond four factors. However, these factor demonstrate that how firm cope in the market unless the structure of the company will also not play the affective and important role in the market. There is an economic theory which allocate the performance and structure of the company. In the organization, according to this modal, would be expected to compete and make higher profits. However, as the researchers conclude that the important factor of competitive behaviour is history and culture of the organisation. The Porters modal is to understand the strategy and it is a simple tool to analyse. The power of the business lies in a business situation and this modal help to analyse the strength of a firm. The achievement of goal by having the access to meet all the requirements from the company. Porters modal also identify new products, services or business which have to b profitable. However, it also may help to understanding the basic level. It is important to understand that this modal has limitations in market environment or relatively market structure. This strategic framework helps for the SWOT and PESTEL analysis. This approach can be used for every business modal. Some issues of this modal are very important for the organization to build long-term business strategy during implementation of this modal. As the world has changed the requirement and the taste of the customer also change so the McDonalds policy changes as the demand of people. Because the same brand every year or every month may fed up their customers so their company decided to change their brand and introduce new innovations to develop the interest of the customers in their company. Now, analysing the sustainable competitive advantages (SCA). SCA is the advantage of the company which is difficult or impossible for the companies to break it. The advantage can be the brand, customer care and cost structure. Other three aspects of advantages which are helpful for SCA, these are: The organisational criteria should be good interrelated and coordinated. The common goal should be strong. The organization should learn and bring the new innovations and changes as per the demand of the customer considering the environmental changes and the customer trends, legal or goverment restriction and developments in technology. Now, McDonalds is concentrating on this advantage by concentrating on the organizational behaviour and the expertise of the management system. Previously this advantage was ignored but when they observe the weaknesses and suffered a loss then they protect themselves by these weaknesses and overcome on these. Structure, technology and financial assets of the company should be very good market position these can helps in the SCA. McDonalds is having these aspects like structure, technology and finance. The company start their mission with an aim and the determination of achieving their goal. Same McDonalds started with the aim of helping the people to get fast food who had very little time to cook and those who are busy to get into a proper restaurant. So the vision was to provide fast food, quick service, cheap products and quality satisfaction. In summary, SCA is the best strategy which uses all the way for advantages and helpful for the organization and cannot be copied by the other companies or competitors. The importance of the SCA is investment portfolio in the business environment. Nowadays there is not any single organisation which can handle all sort of problems and work. It is not possible for McDonalds also to handle and sort out all the weak points to overcome. But the great concentration should be core competencies of this company. The general advantages of McDonalds are cheap service, knowledge of markets core competencies, flexible resources, quick service and low cost. Recently, McDonalds has tested the drive through order facility where they get satisfaction that the order placed is accurate and these order sent to the home restaurant where they can see the order on the display system and can ready their food within the minutes and serve quickly. These call canters has a facility of digital camera. It point out the vehicle on drive through and the delivery man inside the store can ready the food and the person place it to the car whom order is. Although, McDonalds faced a lot of risks and difficulties in past and also face competitors. But the term which makes it still strong in the business is, its core competencies. A complete analysis of McDonalds in which the company operates is the PEST framework analysis of the company. The analysis of the company includes all the history and framework of business segments, the analysis on the geographical situation and analysis of the companys major competitors. There is no particular competitive strategy to achieve success at all times. Because sometimes the company have to face a lot of problems and competitors in the market. Risk attitudes also change and vary by business situations and environmental uncertainty and several internal and external conditions which may weak the business situations. There are the main considering points which consider the strategy of the market. These point are four p points like product, place, price and promotions. These point may help to make decisions and to make the business strategy. It consult the customers demand. Price of the product consider in this strategy. Product design, modal, shapes etc also consider and allocating the market product. In many organisation there should be shape, size and order processing which are important. Pricing is the complex issue because it is related with the cost, volume and tradeoffs. Pricing policy changes to get the competitors response which is usually hard for all the participants. Marketing has received a greater attention in the competitive business since modern era and marketing has concentrated on the modern types of strategy to promote their product selling. The old concepts carried out for the product and considered marketing to selling and promotion according to new style and demand of the customers to satisfy their customers and seek to earn more profit through customer satisfaction.

Charles Dickens Narrative Styles

Charles Dickens Narrative Styles As the voice of a fictional and, sometimes, nonfictional literary work, the narrator is often the central feature in literary works and is given a number of responsibilities. Depending on how the narrator is attached to the particular story or book, these roles include helping to lend a voice to the authors thoughts as well as frame the story and ensure focus, deliver the plot, and provide perspective. Narration can be delivered by either indirect discourse or omniscient narration based on the authors intent, providing a range of techniques that add credibility to the story or lead the reader to question or distrust the narrator, depending on the characterisation, language, and plot line that is being utilised. The narrator can be the main character but they can also be a minor character, a combination of characters, or even serve an omniscient role as a storyteller who is not part of the story. On a simple and straightforward level, both books utilise the narrator as a way of reminding the reader about the plot, framing the story and focusing the action due to their serialised nature. In this way, both narrators explain gaps in time and action, speaking to the reader and helping elicit their thoughts of what had previously happened. Both serve as directors in terms of guiding the reader through the story and uncovering what they want to be seen or what they want the reader to ponder in terms of the intention of meaning whilst still being able to establish boundaries around what is to be inferred from reading the narrative (Brooks, 503). On a deeper level further explored within this paper, both narrators represent the overriding theme of Victorian literature that Dickens has made famous in terms of the weak supporting the strong as well as the poor satiating the wealthy (Bloom, 155). In this way, the narrator also serves as a device to hold up and guide the reader through t he construction of the story but also a construction of the human self. As the narrator of Great Expectations, Pip takes on a number of roles as he moves from a young child to mature man, providing a humanistic touch to Dickenss often bleak and despairing tales. The reader can then relate to in these terms of following his expectations and doubts about how he will fare in life as well as ascertaining his sense of values set against those of society by reflecting on what he is learning about himself. Overall, as a narrator, it is Pip who serves to connect the concepts of character and event within the plot, linking these together in a manner that helps the reader stay meaningfully connected to the story (Gissing, 95). In this way, Dickens uses Pip as a way of making a commentary about society, morality, and class struggles with an overriding narrative that experiences greed, wealth, and power whilst trying to remain hardworking, ethical, and caring. Instead of making the commentary directly, Dickens establishes the narrator as a way of disassociating hims elf as the author in the readers mind from the story so that Pip becomes the translator for what Dickens is trying to communicate to the reader (Miller, 249). What sets the narrative apart in Great Expectations is the complex form in terms of Mr. Pirrip, the grown Pip, reflecting on his life as a poor boy and doing so from the perspective of a mature and somewhat successful businessperson. He seems to tell the story in a calm and reflective tone that does not appear to be angry with his childhood despite having expectations in youth that went unfulfilled. Even in retelling situations that were rather traumatic and cruel, Pip remains detached. This illustrates how Dickens uses this tone to build sympathy and create a distinction between the bad society and the good nature of some human beings. He provides a matter-of-fact tone to what could be considered a serious commentary on society of the day. This can be seen as he states, I tell this lightly, but it was no light thing for me (Dickens, 235). This sense of detachment and isolation from previous events illustrates how a narrator can be positioned in a way that shows how all human relationships are not logical and rational in terms of communication, interaction, and level of meaning but that life is a much more complex and illusive set of actions and mindsets (Vande Kieft, 325). There are also times where the limitation of what the narrator chooses to relay or how it is being relayed will greatly impact on the readers reaction to what the narrator has to say, thereby influencing the reader to potentially draw certain conclusions. This can especially be the case for Pip as Dickens tries to use the narration to explain the movement from self-awareness to self-acceptance that expectations are often replaced by doubt when society has the power and cruelty to control ones existence (Dessner, 436). Throughout all of his novels, including Hard Times and Great Expectations, Dickens makes it clear that he would like to remain detach ed from the story and the narrator he has created, somewhat inferring his own distrust of the narrator but acknowledgement that the device helps him achieve his intent as a writer (Daldry, 99). The fact that he seems to change from making assumptions about his childhood to a defensive tone that illustrates confidence in his memory and his feelings positions Pip as a more trustworthy narrator in terms of making him more human and akin to the reader (Daldry 1987,141). Yet, even the desire to trust Pips perspective is taken off-balance when the reader discovers later on in the story that they have been intentionally deceived about certain episodes. In this way, Dickens is able to put the reader in the same frame of mind as the innocent and naÃÆ' ¯ve Pip who, as a child, had considered certain people trustworthy only to find that he had been deceived. In this way, the narrative becomes a reflective device that Dickens uses to make the reader feel what he is trying to explain about society and the lack of morality and integrity in the world. This is also carried out through Pips sense of that helplessness over his situation based on how overwhelmed the other characters make h im feel. This adds to the mood and emotion of the novel which is emitted through Pip and to the reader (Woloch, 178). This sense of being overwhelmed may lead Pip to be somewhat unreliable as the other characters dominate him and tend to shape his self and the readers sense of his personality and character (Woloch, 178). The continued focus of Dickens on the concept of how personality forms (Morgentaler, 1) is also explored through the narrative techniques of Hard Times. Like Pip, the anonymous narrator in Hard Times is also used as a device to help the reader feel a sense of isolation of self set against a harsh society (Miller, 251) as well as express an individuals sense of self in relation to society and in relation to other individuals (Miller 1958, 225). There is a similar realisation with this narrator in terms of explaining what he had perceived as reality that, upon further existence and exploration, was not correct nor was it logical, leading him to re-examine himself and his life (Dickens, 29). Using this technique in both books is also a way for Dickens to lend a deeper perspective for the reader in terms of providing what may seem like a confusion or fragmentation of views by the two narrators (Shires, 18). This fragmentation can be seen in how Pip and the anonymous narrator tend to change their minds about various actions or situations that they are relating as well as becoming more emotional at times whilst other situations are explained calmly and rationally, sending the reader through a kaleidoscope of perspectives about various events in the book. In this way, Victorian literature utilised the narrator as a device for moving away from Realist literature that was focused on reconciliation and wholeness. Instead, books by Dickens and others during the time pushed the boundaries of what the reader could handle by providing a narrator who could guide and frame the readers journey through which perspectives were tested, altered, or replaced by another (Shires, 18). This open sense of the world and society provides an omniscient sense to the narration within Great Expectations, which one critic described as a first-person narrator trapped within third person narrative world (Woloch, 178). In understanding the differences in narrative technique, first person narrative makes a qualitative distinction between the human figure who narrates the story (and it is thus presented as an agent or subject of perception) and the characters he writes about (mere objects of perception) (Woloch, 178). In this case, Pip is narrating his perception of his own character or self, which leads him to continually attempt to detach himself. The reader then determines what the mature Pip is really thinking about in terms of his life, his connection to society, and his sense of self. However, it is within Hard Times where Dickens more loosely uses an alternative personality to cover up his direct communication to the reader in the form of an indirect discourse and the use of omniscient narration. In this manner, there is a framed structure because the narrator is telling a story that seemingly has a different protagonist than the narrator (Woloch, 178). This was a way to transmit his perspective on political and social issues of his time even though his intent was for the reader to focus on the creation of an omniscient narrator who is simply helping the reader look beyond the fictional world and draw conclusions about real society and the one within Hard Times (Watts, 135). As an omniscient narrator, there is also a vagueness that is pronounced in terms of how situations are described or what they are to symbolise in terms of making an inference to the political and educational systems of the day (Watts, 138). Whilst there are many places in which it would seem as though the narrator would come out and direct the reader to a certain belief, such as destroying mills, it is never said; it is only inferred (Watts, 139). Hence, the conclusions based on the re-examination and evaluation of self through the omniscient narrator is left more up to the reader in Hard Times than the more direct, but still somewhat caged, responses of Pip in Great Expectations. Whilst seemingly left up to the reader, there is room to consider the possibility that, despite room for interpretation that an omniscient perspective allows the reader to draw their own conclusions, Dickens still seems to allow both narrators only enough license to review certain information by which to manipulate control of the readers point of view thereby inciting a certain sympathy or contempt for different groups of people within society (Boege, 90). This same perspective was also noted by a researcher who said, In a sense, the whole purpose of the novel is to convince us of a number of equivalences, most particularly that between the educational philosophy of Gradgrind and the economic theory and practice of the new industrialism (Bloom, 120). Leaving the narration to be conducted by a somewhat anonymous voice is Dickenss way of not focusing the reader on the actual elements of character of the narrator but keeping the reader solely set on understanding the purpose of the novel. In this way, the reader is connected to the information provided by the anonymous reader in an unemotional manner that does not bring personal interest into the controversial subjects of the novel, including the grinding ugliness of industrial development; the abstract theory of Utilitarianism; shallow self-interest; the anti-social force of the capitalist; and trade unions (Hosbaum, 174). In many ways, information and perspectives about these subjects a re provided in a detached manner somewhat similar to Pip who seemed, at times, to be narrating someone elses life. In both novels the narrators attempt in a personal and direct way with Pip in Great Expectations and with an omniscient manner in Hard Times to tell the reader about society and how what is ideal and moralistic is not necessarily what reality involves, especially in light of the individuals who seemingly are not able to make a difference in terms of overcoming society with their expectations of how things should be (Jordan, 70). Both transmit Dickenss messages about the struggles of humanity against a powerful and greedy society (Jordan, 78). In both of Dickenss texts, the narrators provide the tools by which the reader can receive the context of what Dickens wants to communicate so as to transmute the relevance of the social and political messages that appear in these books (Walsh, 36). Whilst the information within the texts is viewed as fiction, Dickens employs his narrators to provide a level of authenticity, honesty, and relevance to the fiction by which the reader can glean kno wledge of specific events and issues that have occurred in the real world as opposed to just being viewed as fictional events (Walsh, 36). As one critical analysis of narrative techniques noted, The knowledge offered by fictionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is not primarily specific knowledge of what is (or was), but of how human affairs work, or,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦how to make sense of them-logically, evaluatively, emotionally (Walsh, 36). Hence, through an omniscient presence as well as through the presentation of a sympathetic narrator like Pip, the reader can make connections to these books, which helps deepen the contextual effect that Dickens is trying to create. The narrators are a way to connect the cognitive processes of the author and the reader, thereby passing on knowledge of reality but doing so through a fictional process that is guided and controlled by the narrator. Throughout both books, Dickens attempts to take the reader into the mind of his characters, himself, and society as a way to connect the reader to the events and issues of his day whilst still trying to provide a number of perspectives by which to humanise the st ory and to build sympathy for the points he is attempting to make about the real world.

Black Friday: Tornado In Canada :: essays research papers

Black Friday: Tornado in Canada "The roof was caving in and I thought I was going to die. It was like your worst nightmare!" said Mary Grandish. Most people think they will die when they see,or hear of a tornado heading their way. Although all the details of the formation of a tornado are not yet understood, it is known that tornados are the result of great instability in the atmosphere and often appear during severe thunderstorms (see appendix #1 for a scientific explaination on how it really starts). Strong updrafts present in severe thunderstorms result in a rotational momentum. Falling rain and/or snow probably drags air from aloft when it comes falling down. The combination of severe thunderstorms and sweltering heat are the breeding grounds for a tornados' formation. The first sign of a tornado is a strong dust whirlwind along with a funnel growing from the storm cloud. A more organized funnel descends farther from the cloud, sometimes even touching the ground. Funnel winds generally move counterclockwise and the funnel can move slowly or at about 100/ft per second. Eventually the tornado becomes fragmented and dissipates causing the end of the tornado. Tornados are the cause of great destruction and devistation in the area in which they occur. For example the Tri-State Tornado of 1925 occured in the Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas States. This tornado was one of the largest tornados recorded in history. It killed nearly 625 people. However, the tornado which strikes closest to home has occured on what Canadians have come to know as "BLACK FRIDAY". The tornado of "Black Friday" touched down on July 31st, 1987 at 2:59 pm. (See appendix #2 for the torndo path). (See appendix #'s 4&5 for maps locating the disaster sights). 27 people were killed; 25 people died during the tornado and 2 died later in the hospital. Hundreds of other people were injured and thousands were left homeless. Edmontonians faced a horrible natural phenomenon which destroyed homes, farms, and businesses. (See appendix #3 for a picture of what it looked like after the tornado struck up the street). More than 25 auto dealers faced a loss of more than $100,000 worth of cars, which were struck by hail measurihg at up to 10 inches in circumference. Not only were auto dealers' cars affected, but many other privately owned cars were damaged to varying degrees. The Kennedale storm sewer overloaded and outfall collapsed, which caused many people to call in complaining of flooded basements. Damage estimites were listed at between $150-$300 million dollars. $20 million dollars damage was done to Evergreen Mobile Home Trailer Park; $50-$70 million dollars

A Separate Peace :: essays research papers

Sitting in my third grade classroom we chattered anxiously, waiting for the spelling quizzes to be passed back. My teacher placed them all facing down on our desks, a rather pointless effort when she was already aware that at any moment the room would burst into havoc with yells of "what did you get?", shouting numbers back and forth, and of course superior comments from the students proud of their marks. I quickly flipped mine over and grinned at the 8/10 scrawled in red marker near the top of the page. "What did you get?" sure enough my friend Jenny thrust me her paper. As I stared down at her 100% sitting aside a bright yellow smiley sticker I felt a familiar twinge of jealousy. From that day on I had a secret goal to achieve higher marks than my friend. I can not remember when this rivalry ended, but I do know that it is normal behavior. Each person feels rivalry or competition to other humans, for the majority of their lifetime. This rivalry greatly affects our ability to understand others, and this eventually results in war, discrimination, and enmity. Children are definitely culprits for acting inhumane to each other with teasing, competition, and often hurtful remarks. Although this is the way children often act, it is in the teenage years realization, along with careful thought and consideration, brings each individual to understand wider prospects of human nature; that people coldly drive ahead for themselves alone. Man’s inhumanity1 to man is a way for people to protect themselves from having pain inflicted on them by fellow humans, and achieving their goals and desires free from interference of others. The concept of man’s inhumanity to man is developed in John Knowles’ novel, A Separate Peace. The primary conflict in this novel centers on the main character, Gene, and his battling of jealousy, paranoia, and inability to understand his relationship with his best friend Phineas. Yet the larger battle of man’s inhumanity to man is portrayed by the backdrop of World War II. Gene Forrester is an average, studious, young man attending Devon school in New Hampshire during the second World War. His roommate at Devon, Phineas (otherwise known as Finny) sends Gene on an unexpected journey of self discovery. Finny represents man in his innocence, a kind of edenic2 Adam. He is very athletic, honest and trusting.

The Benefits to Society of Information Technology :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Benefits to Society of Information Technology Information technology has had a great influence in our lives. Innovations such as television, internet, radio, cellular phones, etc., have influenced the way we teach, the way we shop, the way we maintain ourselves informed, and also the way we view sports. One of the oldest advancements in IT would be television. Television has brought sports to a whole new level. It has allowed people to view events across the country, and also to view events throughout the world. It is a great tool that allows the public to know what is happening as it happens. Television allows some of the most respected events to be viewed live, from our homes. A great example of this is the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl is now a tradition of American lives, and although it has been for many years, the first Super Bowl game was not as viewed by the country as it is now. Most people did not show the game the importance that they do now. With the help of technology the game could be viewed by millions of spectators and that made a big difference. Producers and marketers have managed to make the most out of it, to the point where even people who do not care about the game or the sport would watch it just for the commercials. Companies will air their best commercials d uring this event due to the high ratings that this event has. Broadcasters are also able to improve the viewing experience of sports events by providing fans with game-specific content when they want it. Team facts and game statistics give fans a closer view of the game. This ends to be beneficial to both the fans and the marketers; â€Å"it allows the fan to get closer to the game and the marketer to get closer to the fan.† (Sportvision) Television gets fans involved in the action, and puts the marketers in the broadcast. Another great advancement of information technology would be the use of the Internet. It is a powerful tool that is widely used to get information throughout the world. The greatest advantage about it is that many people have access to the Internet and information can easily be obtained whenever they want. It is one the fastest way to get information about your favorite sport. Information such as schedules, locations, last-minute scores, biographies of the players, purchasing of sporting goods as well as tickets could be done from ones home with the help of the Internet.

Participant Observation

Participant Observation Sports are important social mediums in our country, but basketball is the only sport where you can go to almost any park and play with complete strangers. While other sports involve diverse equipment and numerous amounts of players, basketball is a quick and easy game that only takes a court and a ball. While using the participant observation method, one can easily see how pickup basketball becomes a common stage for social interaction.While my original perspective of the sport was that of a friendly natured game among neighbors with a competitive aspect, my notes and observations revealed how diverse individuals who meet on the court can sometimes become aggressive to the point of hostility. As a gym member of 24 Hour Fitness, I regularly play basketball in their indoor gym. I chose the location in Hermosa Beach because of the diversity of players that attend there. Using the participant observation method, I was both observing and participating while taking notes (obviously not while playing, for that would be an incredible feat).In a time span of two hours, I ended up playing three games while observing six other games. The location I visited was crowded, while ten players were on the court (five against five), about twenty people were waiting on the sidelines throughout the night; however, this number changed as people grew either tired or impatient. On the sidelines was a list of names for people who wanted to play next. This called for a more organized system of who had next compared to parks where people keep track of who verbally called next.I found that about half of the players at the gym were African-American, while the rest of the players were mixed evenly between Caucasian, Asian, and Hispanic. Certain players, based on body shape and skill level, were given different roles throughout the game. The ages of the players seemed to be mostly late twenties to early thirties, and at no point throughout my two hours being there did a woman enter the gym. Just as the demographics of the players were diverse, so was the gameplay.Some games were dominated by one key player, who scores most of the points, while other teams had strong team chemistry and relied on passing to the open player. I also noticed that when a team is dominated by one player that team usually ends up losing. The team that I played on was very pass oriented, while the team we played against was dominated by only two players. The other team assumed that since their other players were short and small, that they weren’t athletic enough to receive the ball, and because of this our team was able to double team the players who didn’t pass as much.Players match up to other players based on skill and body size, which is why I was guarded by someone very similar to me. I noticed that the biggest factor was height, meaning our tallest player guarded their tallest player while our shortest player guarded their shortest player. However, du ring almost every game players make switches according to skill level in order to have a more sufficient defense. Another important aspect of the game of pickup basketball is respect. When players call foul, even if they disagree with the call, the allow them to get the ball back.During game two, a person called foul but the player on the other team disagreed. As they began to argue about whether it was a foul or not, a teammate yelled out â€Å"respect the call†. After that he stopped arguing and gave him the ball. After I played, during the sixth game, a similar situation occurred in a more dramatic way. One player jumped and caught the ball, but flipped over another player, and landed straight on his back. After everyone saw he got up and was ok, the player through the ball â€Å"up top†, so they could check the ball out and play again.A player on the opposite team began to argue saying that he shouldn’t get the ball because his own player fouled him. After m uch hostile and loud arguing, I heard the injured player say, â€Å"if you really are that thirsty for the ball you can have it, if you really are that desperate for a win†. Everybody on the court agreed that the players allegation was a little too strict for a simple game of pickup basketball, and extreme competitiveness is frowned upon. Throughout the rest of the game the team did not pass it to him once, and before the game ended he quit.He became the focus of discussion for the rest of the night, as people began to criticize him behind his back. From my own personal experience, heated arguments over calls are not that uncommon in the sport of basketball, but usually from those with strong outgoing personalities. For the most part, the game is a civilized game where both teams compete for the win, and focus on teamwork and strategy. At the end of the day I found my perspective on this game had changed. The competitive nature of the game brought up the question: How importa nt is it to win? I observed that to some people the ules of basketball should be enforced strictly, so that the game is fair. However, the general consensus was that respecting other players safety and calls were more important. Nevertheless, I noticed that almost every game had some sort of argument that entailed. I concluded that there is a certain culture on the court that calls for a fair game and places winning as a priority. The sharp contrast to the other players who were only there for the fun and love of the game brings up questions on whether social or even economic backgrounds are what causes people to become so passionate about a seemingly frivolous game.