Drug Diversion Court: Case Study

Drug Diversion motor lodge Case StudyIntroductionAccording to the Australian Association of complaisant Workers AASW, accessible cash in atomic number 53s chipsers be committed to trinity core social values paying attention for persons, social justice, and professional integrity. Social goers shake up strong commitments to human rights and social justice, taking into containation the client, family, and the biotic community requisites. In greet, they ar principal(prenominal)ly witnesses of fact or entertain backers for the client. It is serious to understand how human social workers work within the equity system, and how they passelister avail much than than their clients.Magistrate Courts Intervention Programs have some(preno minute of arcal) courts that adjoink to tackle the original stirs for crime in raise to diminish the chances of recidivism. According to the Courts Administration chest of South Australia website, the Drug Court is in the Adelaide Magistrate Court. The Drug court aims to diminish or/and stop medicine use, and prevent recidivism. It involves intensive judicial supervision, mandatory medicate establishing, strict bail conditions, increasing penalties, and manipulation and support work for medicine abuser, in order to break the cycles of using drugs and crimes. According to some studies, the Drug court programs be having a positive influence in diminishing re-offending. The Drug Court Program is 12 months with clear and concise rules, and defendants have to come after with them without the program, or they ar sent to custodyThis piece pass on provide a prototypic, a case synopsis by describing a case action observed in the Drug Diversion Court. Second, there bequeath be a description and appellation of the legislation used on the offences. Third, in intervention there is a description of the courts ruling and its purpose. Fourth, the possible social work skills and roles in basin case will be explained. Finally, social justice and ethical issues regarding the case will be described.Case SynopsisThe Drug Diversion Court is located in room 17, on the third floor of the Magistrate Courts of Adelaide. To enter this room, pile have to lead permission to the security guard. in that respect argon approximately 20 chairs, which argon occupied by a small number of lawyers, and the rest by offenders. The plaintiff seats at the right, and the defendant seats on the left side of the room. When the judge enters and leaves the room e realone has to stand as a symbol of respect. The secretary would pass water the judge all the cases f ripeneders, mean fleck a nonher staff member would read the summary of the case, describing facts, such as the number of drug tests dramatisen, and if they were negative or positive. The judge would give encouraging words to those who passed, or objurgates to those who failed the drug treatment program. Reviewing cases was warm. Every offender had to bring their folder, and the lawyer would sit next to them. The prosecution did non s smoke anything unless she was requesting much information. thither was withal a police officer next to the prosecutor, hearing classicular cases. Unfortunately, this twenty-four hours the court was only hearing look backing cases, tho the prosecution provided me with a copy of Johns case.John gelted the 12-month Treatment Intervention Program on 2014, and was ended when he removed his property cargo hold anklets and left a few weeks afterwards. During his cadence in the program, his drug tests resulted positive in stopnabis, consumed large quantities of alcohol, save a home detention br individually, did non go to MRT, and lost his program folder. According to the Legal divine service Commission of South Australia, the court proceedings would have been the fol sufferinging earlier the defendant appears in court, he should have legal advice. The secretary would introduce the ca se, the police prosecutor would outline the facts of the case (given to the defendant before the hearing), and if debated, the defendant could question the facts an rising(prenominal) daylight. After hearing the facts, John pleaded guilty to the multiple offences. The prosecution then(prenominal) would continue by providing his criminal record in court (which includes felonies since he was 14 for obtaining nones to demoralise drugs) and the prosecution would explain any injury, loss or damaged pass waterd by John. After reading the facts of the case, describing the offences and individual(prenominal) circumstances of the defendant, the prosecution request immediate sentence of irons. Then, the defendants lawyer urged that Frawleys juvenility and wish of history of adulthood ar mitigating ingredients, suggesting a non-parole period in his sentence, and finding that there is voltage for rehabilitation. After run acrossing all relevant factors of the case, the judge t renchant to give him a sentence of imprisonment, convicting each offence. In total we has sentenced to 25 months imprisonment.IdentificationThe judge considered s.11 of the Criminal Law (Sentencing) Act, and he considered that early(a) sentences than imprisonment would be inappropriate in Johns case. John was charged with multiple offences which he pleaded guilty. in that respect were cardinal charges for grievous criminal trespass and theft. According to the Consolidation Act 1935, he was punished under 20A (a) home invasion, which is criminal trespassing. An offence (other than a serious firearm offence) is regarded a serious offence if the maximum penalty of imprisonment is at least 5 long meter. In the Criminal Law Consolidation Act (1935) segmentation 170 Serious criminal trespass in residential buildings is a maximum of 15 years, and if aggravated, imprisonment for life. Section 170a Serious criminal trespass in occupied residential building is maximum 3 years, and if a ggravated, 5 years. Section 134 Thefts penalty is maximum 10 years. chthonian the same act, in 19B there can be a deferral of sentence for rehabilitation and other purposes, adjourning the proceedings, and granting bail disparageonize to the Bail Act 1985. The judge applied 19B when he postponed Johns sentence, and allowed him to enter into the intervention program. He was under the 12-months program of drug intervention. A drug treatment order may be requested by defendants with alcohol or drug problems, and who had pleaded guilty, other than sexual offences. If DTO is suspended or breached, the offender has to usually finish his sentence in custody. One of his crime was breaching the curfew of the bail conditions imposed by the Youth court. Under the Bail Act of 1985 SA, s17 (1) states that non-compliance with bail conditions is an offence, and guilty of max. $10,000 or imprisonment for 2 years.Finally, the judge applied partitioning 18A in sentencing for multiple offences it states that if a guilty defendant has committed several offences, the crget can sentence him with one penalty for all or some of them, without exceeding the total totality of each offences penalties. In total, the judge sentenced him 25 months imprisonment.InterventionAfter taking into consideration the facts and the personal circumstances of John, the judge decided to sentence him with imprisonment, and to convict each offence. The judge explained that he mustiness impose a sentence and disapprove him from reoffending, and others from offending. The judge said that John is direct an adult and he must take responsibilities of his action, even much so if they ar serious crimes. Breaking into the victims home is a serious and frightening experience for them, which they could jump out for galore(postnominal) years, if not their entire life. He is presumable to commit another serious offence if not punished, which is suggested by his criminal record.In regards to the prosecutio n asking for a non-parole period, the judge fixed a low parole-period because of his age and the lack of being in adult custody. By balancing these factors with the gravity of these offences, the judge gave him a non-parole period of one year. The courts try to solve social justice issues, the make of p overty, and the professional and rehabilitation services instead of imprisonment. The Drugs Court main goal is denunciation and rehabilitation. At the beginning, the defendant had the fortune to rehabilitate, but by and by open frame the programs conditions, he was fixed a prison sentence. indeed the court illustrates how their main goals are reached.Social Work RoleJohn is 19 years old and has been reported alcohol and drug history since he was 10 years old. He started stealing and breaking into houses to obtain money to buy drugs since he was 14. He had a traumatic difficult tiddlerhood after his fattyher died, and his mother put him into the State care, which he had multipl e placements while growing up. His mother had serious psychiatric and drug history. Because of his history, in order to demonstrate progress and have a brilliant future, he will pauperism assistance required by trained counsellors. John had a limited education, gum olibanum it is recommended that he studies and finds a job in order to avoid being in State slip by institutions. Social workers could help him to calcu advanced and invest in his future, and de margeine long-term goals to achieve behavior change. Also, Koning Kwant (2008, 64) urge that social workers can leaveress issues like poverty, unemployment, problems with the police, and lack of healthy dealingship in abusers life. Social workers could operate on programs to improve Frawleys social skills and repair his relationships.Regarding his youth, John could have had help from social workers in order to cope with his traumatic clawhood, and maybe prevent his drug addiction. According to Times (2006, p2) social wor kers should have a heavier involvement with children of drug abusers. For example, in Scotland 5% of all children under 16 have a drug using parent (Times 2006, p3). In addition, Dennis et al (2013, 160) argue that social workers are notice for identifying individuals who are disposed to be drug addicts, and to treat them with meter ahead. Social workers could have had a positive role on Johns life if he was given counselling since he was put into foster homes. on that point should be a let out treatment of these children, in order to empower their future.In Johns case, the social worker can help him by getting him into a program to stop taking drugs in less coercive circumstances. John failed the twelve month program, and it would be necessary to go tho into his case and discover the reason for this failure. As Kennedy suggests (2012, 122) the social worker could be a counsellor, rehabilitation consultant, or a drug policy manager. Social workers consider that any person blu ely motivated can be a law-binding citizen if they receive adequate counselling, and chances to receive academic, vocational, and social education opportunities (Brownell and Roberts 20022). Therefore, John still has authority to change and brood peacefully in society, under the right guidance of social workers.Human service workers can in addition have several roles in courts and tribunals as witness, lay advocates by assisting in do applications, prepare submissions, and appear on the clients behalf before tribunals (Jo Brocato Wagner 2003, 123). The social worker could be a supporter, arbitrator, negotiator, conciliator, and facilitator (Kennedy et all 2012, 122). Moreover, it would be necessary to help John, because the sentence might have been too rigid. Social workers can motivate John to demand and respect for his human rights. Social workers can help John to review his sentence because it was too rigid for a chronic abuser, and it is inadequate punishment for not follow ing the conditions of the program.Social justice and ethical issuesJohn started the 12-month Treatment Intervention Program, and was ended when he removed his home detention anklet and left a few weeks later. During his time in the program, he had positive drug test results in cannabis, and consumed large quantities of alcohol. Social workers could regard this not as Johns failure to comply with the rules instead than the judicial system is not providing him with the just luck to succeed, due to the rigidity of the program.Regarding concerns of social justice, law is insufficient and sometimes compromises human service values. One main concern is that rehabilitation of the addict is umpteen times less important than the primary goal of societal protection. For example, relapse is regarded as a ravishment of the programs conditions, and the person is withdrawn from the program. But, relapse is a common effect among drug addicts, and it is part of the process to achieve sobriety (Bur man 2004, 200). The intervention program seems ch eat(prenominal) if they are aiming to change the offenders behavior, but they are pose obstacles to achieve it. Furtherto a greater extent, Koning et al (2008, 67) argue the emphasis should not be on complete abstinence of using drugs, rather in the improvement of quality of life in drug-prone cities, and more access to rehabilitation treatments for addicts. Therefore, John should fight for his right to be give a real opportunity to change. He is a chronic abuser since he was 10, and a rigid and harsh program wint provide him with the tools to succeed. Substance abuse programs are a good alternative to incarceration, but they strike to be adapted for substance abusers and their long-lasting recovery.According to the Courts Administration Authority of South Australia website, there is explore stating that abusers who have been imposed treatment are as likely to succeed as those who entered voluntarily. On the other hand, Burman ( 2004, 199) suggests that coercive programs lead to short-term success, because the social control can compromise the willingness to behavioral and attitude change. Furthermore, Jo Brocato Wagner (2003, 123) argue that social workers have the ethical concern of obeying the law and in promoting the clients self-determination. They claim that unbent change in behavior must be voluntary, and that the intervention program should change to be more consistent to values of self-determination and social justice. In order to succeed, the authors claim that offenders need to establish their own objectives, and to learn how to solve their problems, and achievement should be base on their own goals, not imposed ones. some other concern is the proportionality in sentencing, where the punishment cannot be greater than the offence. In Johns case, it seems unfair to be punished by imprisonment. Although he had a positive result in the drug tests, he did not commit a crime against another person, and imprisonment wont help with his recovery, it could make it worse. Social workers would consider it unfair to have a rigid intervention program, without second chances, and to have a harsh penalty of imprisonment if failure to follow the program. Incarceration does not seem proportional as a punishment as a result of not following the conditions of the intervention program.ConclusionsThere are social expectations to denounce crimes and rehabilitate offenders. The public wants to see a decrease in crime rates, and recover more save in the community under a punitive system. The judge convicted John of each of his offences with imprisonment after not following the conditions of the program. Social workers would suggest a more rehabilitative based model, where the necessarily of the offender are also met, and there is a better symmetry of priorities in society. Consequently, in order to protect the clients human rights and achieve social justice, social workers would recommend not having a rigid program, where there is no need of complete abstinence, and there is more self-determination in their goals. They believe, that under a voluntary program, there would be true change in drug abuser offenders, and could promote a better quality of life and society well-being.But it is also important to consider the ethical issues of the individual, as well as the rights of the other members of society. If the results of intervention programs have resulted in a decrement of crime, it is important to continue to develop this kind of programs. But, on the other hand, the cases when these programs have failed, need to be revised, in order to understand better the reasons for this situation and make the necessary changes. corpulency Causes and effectsObesity Causes and effectsThis paper is to inform one how important it is to be educated on the causes and affects of fleshiness. It will answer how one can catch the early signs of corpulency and detect the symptoms in them selves or others. There are umteen causes for corpulency and it is important to know these causes so that one can prevent the ailment from affecting their lives. Obesity can affect ones social, mental, health, and health and wellness lives. Obesity can be a fatal infirmity causing many deaths not only in America but most the world. Obese volume have many disadvantages in life. Some can not get health insurance if they are too over heavinessiness, they make on average, less money than throng who are not orotund. Preventing obesity in society can save many lives around the world. Physical education, healthy eating habits and regular object lesson can be a key prevention of obesity. The teaching system around America needs to take a stronger role in the health and prevention of this disease, but the key people in ones life in preventing obesity is the parents. Parents play a key role in a childs life, they must regulate what their children eat and the activities they partici pate in each day. Preventing obesity is not a one day job, it is a long process and a lifestyle. ObesityObesity is a growing problem in our world and is one of the most rapidly growing diseases in children, teens and adults. Obesity has many definitions and many ship canal in which it can be interpreted. There are also many signs and symptoms of obesity which give doctors and parents time to prevent the fatal disease. many another(prenominal) things cause obesity in children, teens and adults and the effects can be deadly. quite a little need to start noticing signs and take action for, not only themselves, but for their children as well, for a happier, healthier, and more normal life.Obesity is a growing concern in our world and in some cases can be predicted in infants. There are patterns amongst infants that show signs of obesity. Infants that grow disruptiveer than others have a greater jeopardize of becoming obese than infants that do not grow asfast. Fast growing children, whether it be in height or weight gain, are more likely to be overweight later on in life. There is no set evidence that infants who grow accelerated become obese but faster growing infants do eat more victuals. Growth is driven by a childs liking and dietary uptake is a main risk factor in obesity. Studies have shown that the older the obese child is, the more likely that child is to become obese as an adult. Studies have be that 25-80 percent of obese children become obese as adults (Lissau, 2007).Obesity is a very reproachful disease that can be prevented, but will require a multitude of work from the whole family. puerility obesity is defined as having a body set index equal to or more than the eighty fifth percentile of the age and gender (Whitaker, Wright, Pepe, Seidel, Heights 2008). Obesity is an imbalance between dexterity expenditure and dietary energy intake. Many people in society often have mistake obesity and being overweight as the same thing. Being overwe ight means that the body mass index is over twenty five, and being obese means the body mass index is over 30. The only similarity between being overweight and obese is the fact that both can harm a persons health. Weight gain occurs when you take in more calories than your body uses during a certain time period. If the food you eat provides more calories than your body needs, then the calories that are left over transfer into fat. There are three stages to childishness obesity late fetal development with overweight at birth, during the tantalise period at five and half a dozen years old, and during the adolescence. (Whitaker, Wright, Pepe, Seidel, Heights). It is important to catch obesity early in these stages or it may become more difficult.There are many reasons as to why chaffs around the world are obese. Diet, corporal action, and familial psychosocial surroundings are three risk factors for childhood obesity. A cause for obesity can be early infant weight gain. This is a risk factor for childhood and adult obesity (Cole 2007). Smoking while pregnant reduces the birth weight of an infant but it increases post natal weight gain which is a cause of obesity. (Cole 2007). When a child gains a good hand of weight early on, it is a sign that they will become obese rather than gaining weight at a steady pace.In an issue of Acta Paediatrica, it shows that watching television, having obese parents, and having a high birth weight increases the chance for obesity (Elanson-Albertsson Zetterstrom, 2005). In most cases it is not the childs fault that they are overweight but the parents of that child. The parents are the strongest factor for childhood obesity and both parents are equally effective. The lifestyle a parent gives their kid is a major factor as to how one will grow up. If a parent does not enforce exercise and animal(prenominal) operation they are more likely to become obese. take habits are a large factor in whether or not a child becomes obe se. If the parent does not control the foods they eat and how much they eat the risk of obesity rises. Some parents buy a lot of junk food for the house and when children are hungry they will be more likely to rent junk food rather than a healthy snack. It is twenty-five to thirty percent more likely that children with obese parents will become obese themselves. When children grow up in an environment with bad eating habits they are thirty-three percent more likely to become obese as young teenagers (Cole 2007).Eating habits do not just come from parents, but can be caused by emotions as well. As a teenager there are many various situations that can occur in life, these may be new experiences or changes that a teenager can experience. Their changes and experiences can rightfully cause a change in emotions, especially when a teenager is going through puberty. Some teenagers overeat because they are depressed, angry, or even because they are bored. Adolescents who suffer from depre ssion are at a greater risk of becoming obese, and staying obese. Women usually tend to be more emotional and as teenagers they are going through many new experiences that can cause these emotions. A study shows that women at ages six to twelve are three times more obese now than they were thirty years ago.Two main factors to consider when decrease the chances for obesity are dieting and activity. These help balance each others energy and help people live a healthier lifestyle. A substance to protect children from obesity is to breast feed them. A formula fed baby has a higher risk of being obese. Two alternatives to explain fresh obesity trends are programming of appetite has changed, and appetite in some children is up regulated. And Programming of appetite is unchanged, but hungry children now get overweight due to the obesogenic environment. (Cole, 2006 pg 3).The San Jose study focused on decreasing the amount of time spent in front of the television, and they increase the amo unt of personal activity in children and saw a decrease in obesity and the chances for obesity in the children. When the children watched less television the intake of sugar and carbonated beverages decreased. The children ate more fruits and vegetables throughout the day, when they spent time watching T.V. The children that were studied also had a change in their attitudes. The children seemed happier and more willing to do bodily activities in there day-after-day lives. They also had an increase in there social lives and base they were more will to make new friends and it was easier to expand the groups of friends they had. (Lissau, 2007).Mossberg conducted a study in 1989 involving a number of obese children. After forty years Mossberg did a follow up with those children and found that a large number were still obese. Mossberg also found that these adults had a normal food intake and this shows that methods for reducing obesity and being overweight should be started at a youn g age. It is much harder to reduce obesity in adults than to start when one sees the first signs of obesity in children.Another main cause of obesity is environmental factors. In the world today the environment really has a huge impact on peoples lives especially when it comes to teenagers. In the modern world, technology has really come a long bearings so children and teenagers are relying more on technology to keep them entertained. This can be harmful to their health. Teenagers today are spending a lot more time interacting with technology than they should. These sedentary behaviors include video games, television, movies, and internet. Children who watch television and videos have been found to have a higher body mass index. By watching television and playing video games, the energy balance in a person decreases the energy expenditure, reduces resting metabolic rate, and increases energy intake. Also, many people eat while watching TV and are not doing any physical activity to work off what they eat. This allows the food to sit and turn to fat, increasing the chances of obesity. There are many commercials on television that advertise fast food and restaurants making it more likely for a person to go buy these foods rather than bullshit a healthy meal (Nowicka 2007). Television viewing has been linked to obesity, smoking, poor fitness and raised cholesterin in adulthood. Reducing television viewing and increasing physical activity may not be enough to reduce the chances of obesity. Gender, age, ethnicity and body mass index are variables in how much they are think to sedentary behavior.Most children and teenagers also tend to eat out at fast food restaurants more often than they should. In result of this, they have less control over how much fat, sugar, and salts are in the foods they are eating. Fast food restaurants are also staying open even later than before. With these restaurants staying open late it really accommodates the food cravings that teen agers may have no matter what time of the day it may be. These fast food restaurants also encourage super-sizing your meals for a better deal, which adds more unnecessary calories and it proves to be cheaper. Children experience money now as an important part of life so if it appears that super sizing a meal will save some money they are going to feel that it is a better deal even though in the end it is really harmful to their health. Fast food restaurants are very common choices for families because they are so busy that do not have time to sit blue and eat a home cooked meal so they stop and get something quick. With this busy schedule it creates a change in the eating habits that the children had before they got their license or got more involved.Hilde Bruch was one of the first people to say that obesity was not just related to body mass index and weight. It affects many psychological aspects of a person such aspsychiatric health, psychiatric disorders, social maladjustment, a nd conflicts and tension in relations to the family of that person (Elanson-Albertsson Zetterstrom, 2005). The psychological complications of obesity are most related to teenagers. Research has shown just how important it is to teenagers to go along a physical appearance, athletic skills, and be accepted with what one wears (Lissau, 2007). People who are obese are proven to have friends who are also obese. It is also proven that obese people do not make as much money as people who are skinny or not obese. They have a lower self esteem and have a harder time developing relationships with other people (Lissau). newfangled teenage girls in our society today are obsessed with their body image. This fixing can come from many opposite sources. Teenage girls may feel pressure from peers about their physical appearance because each person has different features that make them who they are. Often times people feel greedy because there is always someone in groom that they wish they coul d look like. Girls become very competitive when it comes to the way that they present themselves and it can be a challenge if they feel someone has a better body. Not only is there pressure from peers that cause an obsession in body appearance, but the celebrities they see on television, or in movies have an impact as well. These women shown in the media are portrayed as what everyone should look like.In the United States, the amount of obese teenage women almost doubles that of obese men. Studies have shown that more than one-third of women are obese. Girls spend more time talking on the phone and earshot to music while boys spend more time watching television and playing video games. Boys are also involved in more physical activity at all ages. Decreasing sedentary behavior in children can be just as effective as increasing the physical activity in a person (Nowicka, 2007).The direct environment is a key place to start with obesity prevention. The schooling systems, especially i n America, have low priority on healthy eating. Schools lack food and healthy meal support and the staff is unmotivated to add extra activities and lectures about nutrition. There is little supervision to what students are eating. In the United States vending machines are located in most 98 percent of the schools. (Lissau 2007) Repitiful vending machines will help decrease the chances of having junk food and carbonated drinks.Schools need to start preventing obesity by bringing activities to the children and making them a requirement. The only time children in school are not sitting down is during breaks or during physical education. In most cases a physical education class is less than an hour and only a few times a week. The space of time should be increased each week and the amount of times the breaks occur should be increased as well. Also, many students are enrolled in after school day care programs and by putting more physical activity into after school events would decrease the chance for obesity (Lissau).Physical activity has a major impact on body composition and metabolism making it a key treatment and prevention of obesity. It increases energy expenditure maintains lean body mass, and increases mobilization as well as burning body fat. Physical activity also has other benefits. One must have physical activity for normal growth, development of cardio respiratory endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, motor skills, and agility. Activities such as walking, jumping, and weight lifting help bone development as well. Physical activity in children and adolescence has not just been proven to be a good thing. It also has some downfalls as well. Changes in energy expenditure or energy intake can occur at critical times in development in infants or adolescence and it can result in energy imbalance.Physical activity can have a different impact on different groups, such as male and female, ethnic groups, active and inactive. Different individuals will be im pacted differently. World Health Organization recommends a minimum of thirty minutes a day of moderate physical activity. Moderate physical activity is defined as activity that requires three to six times as much energy as the energy needed in a resting state ( Nowicka, 2006). For children and adolescence, World Heath Organization recommends an additional twenty minutes of vigorous physical activity at least three times a week. Vigorous physical activity requires more than six METs, such as jogging and running at least 8.0 km per hour (Nowicka, 2006). Nordic victual Recommendations recommends an hour of activity should include moderate and physical intensity but it can be carve up out throughout the day (Nowicka).A study conducted by the National Weight Registry shows how maintaining a healthy diet and physical activity affects overweight and obese people. They studied successful and unsuccessful weight loss treatments. Ones dietary intake and the amount of physical activity are t he main weight maintainers in adults and children. Adults maintain weight easier with more physical activity than children need. Having a low fat intake whole kit and caboodle better than physical activity for maintaining weight in children. The study also showed that the heavier and younger the subject was, the more weight that was lost. Boys also had a tendency to lose more weight than females in the long term weight maintenance.Catching the early signs of obesity gives one the opportunity to prevent the disease. Managing obesity is based on lifestyles where physical activity and behavior is a key target. Physical activity is a key treatment and prevention to obesity and should be a main focus of children and adolescence. Obesity is also decreased by sleeping longer, high education of your parents, and having more siblings ( Elanson-Albertsson Zetterstrom, 2005).It is important to have a variety of activity each day. Getting only one form of activity each day will only work cert ain muscles in the body. A popular form of activity for obese patients has been resistance instruction. Resistance training helps improve musculoskeletal fitness. Working various muscles is a key solution to decreasing body fat and lowering the amount of obesity in the world. Physical education classes may be the only way some children get any activity throughout the day. Physical education teachers are very important role models for children and it is important for them to stress the importance of physical activity (Nowicka, 2006).The table below shows how a child can get in the suggested one hour of physical activity each day. If one gets in an hour a day it can be a major factor to prevent obesity in the world. Limiting time spent watching television and playing video games has reduced the amount of overweight children. There are many ways to get in one hour of physical activity each day. Walking to school and then home from school is a great way to exercise for twenty to thirty minutes. Also, cleaning a room in the house allows you to be moving and bending over. Climbing stairs is a great way to get in physical activity, walking to a friends rather than driving, going shopping and walking the do g. Avoiding rides to school, watching television, and avoiding playing video games will help accomplish ones goal of completing the one hour recommended amount of exercise each day (Nowicka, 2006).Table 2 lawsuits of how cursory activities can be accumulated during a common dayExample 1.How can a child accumulate 1 h of everyday activitiesWalks to school- 10 minPlays during breaks- 20 minWalks home from school- 10 minCleans room- 10 minWalks to meet friends- 10 min summarize 60 minExample 2.How can a child accumulate 1 h of everyday activitiesRides bike to school- 5 minWalks and talks during breaks- 20 minRides bike home from school- 5 minGoes shopping- 10 minWalks the dog- 20 minTotal 60 minIn the Untied States 15.5% of teenagers are overweight. Being overweigh t as a teenager can lead to three different diseases as an adult these can be type two diabetes, sleep apnea, and heart fall upon. A heart attack is not as common as the other two, but can still be dangerous. The first disease is type two diabetes. This is a disease that affects the metabolism when a person eats sugar, which is the bodys main source of fuel. If a person has type two diabetes, it is very difficult for their body to keep a normal glucose level. If this disease is not treated correctly it could be life threatening. As of right now there is no cure for type 2 diabetes, but there are many things that can be done to help control it. A person can eat healthier foods, and add some type of exercise to their daily routine. It is best to get this under control as a teenager, because as a teenager it is easier to change a persons lifestyle, and it will be more effective in the future. A disease can be very harmful a person in the future. relaxation apnea is another disease tha t is a major risk in a persons life and can cause early death due to obesity. Sleep apnea is a serious breathing disorder which can cause a person to stop breathing for short periods of time during sleep, and cause drowsiness during the day. Obesity also causes blood pressure to rise, and because of the high blood pressure it causes the heart to over work, and weakens the heart muscle. This causes the blood vessels to harden, which creates a greater chance of getting a blood clot increase, which makes it more likely to have a stroke or heart attack.Even though there are medical situations that can harm a person as a result from obesity there are some in effect(p) medical treatments. Gastric revolve performance is an option for many people to lose the weight fast. Many people these days are turning to gastric bypass surgery. Gastric bypass surgery is a permanent treatment to help obese people lose a certain amount of weight. This surgery is more common for adults, but some doctors feel that it could be helpful for teenagers as well. Gastric bypass surgery makes the stomach smaller, and allows food to bypass the small intestine. It helps a person feel full faster than usual, and results in fewer calories being absorbed, which leads to weight loss.A study was held where Leptin was infused in rats when they were innate(p) and they grew up to be leaner adults. Leptin is a hormone that regulates the body weight and metabolism. Although this raises ethical issues, giving new-sprung(a)s a shot of leptin when born will set them up for a more lean future. This may seem dramatic when there are healthy and natural ways of preventing obesity.Different organs of the body have drives or cravings for different types of food. The brain has the highest energy requirement of any of the organs. The total consumption of the brain is forty percent of newborn infants and twenty five percent in children and ten percent in adults. Because America has so many types of food availabl e, the choice of fat and carbohydrates are around forty five percent each. ( Elanson-Albertsson Zetterstrom, 2005). Foods that are high in fat and sucrose are more satisfying than other types of foods and it is easier to overeat and become obese. saccharose that is in a fluid has more potential to trigger your appetite than sucrose in a solid food (Elanson-Albertsson Zetterstrom, 2005).Obesity is an imbalance between energy expenditure and dietary energy intake. There are many variables that cause obesity in our society and there are many affects that go along with this disease. Preventing obesity must be started at a young age and parents must take action in giving their child a healthier lifestyle. Teens must avoid the pressures of society and be smart about the health choices they make. In order to make progress in preventing obesity schools need to educate the children more about its causes and its deadly affects, but most importantly how to prevent it. Keeping a healthy diet and regular exercise decreases ones chance of obesity and will help one live a healthier and happier life.ReferencesCole, 2007, Early causes of child obesity and implications for preventions, 2-4, Retrieved April 12th 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=6hid=108sid=5536f511-b9fc-4551-9d4a-44b312dac852%40sessionmgr106Cole, Bellizzi, Flegal, Dietz, 2000, Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide international survey, Retrieved April 11, 2008, http//www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/320/7244/1240Deforche, De Bourdeaudhuij, tanghe, debode, hills, bouckaert, 2004, Role of physical activity and eating behaviour in weight control after treatment in severely obese children and adolescents, Retrieved April 12th, 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=11hid=114sid=adeb569d-7792-42b8-a6e3-94f22e8572f1%40sessionmgr104Erlanson-Albertsson and Zetterstrom, The global obesity epidemic Snacking and obesity may start with free meals during infant feeding, 1523 -1531, Retrieved April 18th, 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=14hid=113sid=5536f511-b9fc-4551-9d4a-44b312dac852%40sessionmgr106Lissau, 2007, Prevention of overweight in the school arena, Retrieved April 12th, 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=16hid=114sid=adeb569d-7792-42b8-a6e3-94f22e8572f1%40sessionmgr104Nowicka, Dietitians and exercise professionals in a childhood obesity treatment team, 23-29, Retrieved April 18th, 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=21hid=116sid=5536f511-b9fc-4551-9d4a-44b312dac852%40sessionmgr106Nowicka, Physical activity-key issues in treatment of childhood obesity, 39-45, retrieved April 11th 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=10hid=8sid=5536f511-b9fc-4551-9d4a-44b312dac852%40sessionmgr106Schwartz and Brownell, Actions Necessary to Prevent Childhood Obesity Creating the Climate for Change, 78-87, Retrieved April 12, 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=28hid=116sid=5536f511-b9fc-4551-9d4a-44b312dac852%40session mgr106Whitaker, Wright, Pepe, Seidel, Heights, 2008, Predicting Obesity in Young Adulthood from Childhood and Parental Obesity, Retrieved April 11, 2008, https//content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/337/13/869.Yaussi, The Obesity Epidemic, 105-108, Retrieved April 13th, 2008, http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=32hid=16sid=5536f511-b9fc-4551-9d4a-44b312dac852%40sessionmgr106